Deviations of Marxism

The problem of a man’s economic and political freedom has been widely discussed by specialists throughout centuries. Chomsky (1987), Bakunin (1934), Rousseau (1960), Humbold (in Botting 1973) have all questioned the issue whether a man can ever be free in the society. The theory of Marxism can be regarded as a synthesis and conclusion of classical political economy, particularly of utopian socialist authors from which Marx borrowed many ideas. â€Å"The teaching of Marx is all-powerful because it is true.It is complete and symmetrical, offering an integrated view of the world, irreconcilable with any superstition, with any reactionism, or with any defense of bourgeois oppression. † (Eastman, Marx 1959, p. xxi). The problem of freeing man from the curse of economic exploitation and political and social enslavement in Marx’s works has been discussed by Highs (2004), Kozyn (1987), Sayer (1991), Suny (1993), and Wood (1997). As the sources argue, according to the opi nion of Marx, this problem can be solved, but only after many changes take place in the society.Capitalism is destined to fail and be replaced by socialism which can put an end to contradiction between two social classes- bourgeoisie and the working class. Opposite to the system of capitalism, socialism was going to be based on the principles radically different from the principles of capitalist society, and thus end economic exploitation. According to Marx, people could become free if they were free economically, and thus the end of economic exploitation was going to determine the freedom for people.In â€Å"The Criticism of the Gotha Program† Marx devotes major attention to the analysis of ownership and the problem of workers’ estrangement of the results of their work as the major feature of exploitation: â€Å"Within the cooperative society, based upon the common ownership of the means of production, the producers do not exchange their products; †¦ the labor o f the individual becomes, no longer in a roundabout way, but directly, a component part of the total labor. † (Eastman, Marx, 1959, p. 5).According to Marx, the exploitation of workers provided on all levels of production, their estrangement from the results of work all were the reasons of the inevitable changes in the future. The fact that surplus value was obtained by the capitalist was also one of the arguments for the future change in the structure. The class of workers realized that the results of their work were taken by the capitalist even though they were the ones who actually created the value. Therefore, they were eventually destined to struggle for their economic freedom, which would also lead to their social and political freedom.The dialectics argues that contradictions are the driving force of progress. Once contradictions appear in some system, the system will need to undergo many changes and develop until the new level in which the synthesis of new qualities wi ll be finally reached. Therefore, as it was correctly noticed by Marx, the phase of capitalism could not be completely over- it would just develop until its new phase socialism and the most positive features of both systems would be present in the final synthesis of the two systems.People would reach the freedom only after the final stage of evolution, because earlier stages would still contain some features from the earlier system. Marx argues that communist society â€Å"still bears, in every respect, economic, moral and intellectual, the birthmarks of the old society from whose womb it is issuing† (Eastman, Marx, 1959, p. 5). Therefore, it is impossible to conclude that communism entirely frees people from economic exploitation and political and social enslavement. Communism is not a completely new system and has connection with the previous system of capitalism.It interacts with it in some ways but at the same time it has many new features which are beneficial for the wor king class and liberates people in many aspects of life. In â€Å"The Poverty of Philosophy† Marx argues that eventually, communism is going to give political freedom to people. â€Å"The working class will substitute, in the course of its development, for the old order of civil society, an association which will exclude classes and their antagonism, and there will no longer be political power. † (Eastman, Marx, 1959, p.2). The author also states that in the new socialistic society, all of the assets will be expropriated from the capitalists and thus they will not be able to obtain the benefits of the surplus value anymore. Therefore, economic exploitation will be finally brought to an end. Another feature of socialism is the equality of people, when they are able to work according to their abilities for themselves and the state they live in. The socialist society is not divided into classes because it regards people equal in all the ways.Marx mentioned that unfortunat ely, all of the major developments needed to happen not as the result of evolution but as the results of struggles and revolutions because they were the only ways of destruction of the old system. Marx did not deny the role of evolution in the process of freeing people but he had very radical views and thus regarded revolution as the best tool of speeding up the evolution process which was going to lead to the long-waited changes in any case. As the author stated, the final end to capitalism could be put and the new socialist society could be established only with the help of arms.A remarkable feature of Marx’s theory of capitalism development and evolution into socialism is that he does not share the opinions of utopian writers on this issue. Many utopian writers considered that social changes could be originated by the government of the country or by a class of â€Å"educated† capitalists. Marx was completely against these theories because he was confident that the f ormer capitalists and members of government were unable to bring any changes into the country’s social structure.In order to form the new society, the new principles needed to be established and those people who belonged to the rival class of the workers were unable to bring any of the mentioned changes. It is also necessary to investigate the problem of freeing man from the curse of economic exploitation and political and social enslavement in Soviet Union. As the experience of the country shows, application of Marxism theory in Soviet Union completely failed to achieve its goals.As it was mentioned by Geoffrey (1997), Grigor (1993), Khazanov (1992), Lieven (1998), Kon (1993), one of the major mistakes made in Soviet Union was connected with â€Å"Russian exceptionalism†. As Grigor (1993) states, Soviet Union applied the concept of Marxist â€Å"nationless† society in a way completely different from its original meaning. Instead of â€Å"freeing† citizen s of the country as Marxism stated, Soviet leaders oppressed all of the nations except Russians. Russia was the major center of all activities going in the country.Soviet Union was a very peculiar structure because it united a large number of nations which were very different in many ways. Some of the nations included in the country were quite close to one another (Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine), while other republics in the Soviet Union structure were very different by their cultures. For example, Eastern republics, like Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan belonged to Muslim countries, and had very different traditions from Russians, but Russian nation forced all of them to act according to the traditions of the dominant nation.This was one of the major reasons of the â€Å"empire’s† failure in the following years. â€Å"Sovietology paid far too little attention for far too long to the non-Russian peoples, to the extrapolitical social environment, and to the part icular contexts, contingencies, and conjunctures of the Soviet past. † (Grigor, 1993: 3) According to Marxists, all the nations within the Soviet Union had to be completely alike and without any differences between them. Soviet leaders took the features of the Russian nation as the basic features. Therefore, all other nations had to adapt to the new culture which was not very familiar to them.The â€Å"nationless† society in reality turned out a â€Å"Russian† society with total dominance of the Russian nation in all the ways. All the nations other than Russians were oppressed greatly. They were all considered a step lower in the society ladder due to their origin, and did not have any political freedom. Policy of the country was in many ways channeled to the development of Russia and its cities. The largest sums from the budget were assigned to the development of Russia. While Russia’s economy was booming, particularly the economy of Moscow, all other eco nomies were at a much lower level of development.Besides exceptionalism, there were many other problems with application of Marxist theory in Soviet Union. For example, Soviet leaders did their best to apply the principle according to which every person was required to contribute to the wealth of the country at his best and would get services from the state in the maximum amount. Instead, it was easy to notice that leaders of the communist party got all of the benefits from the state while working people got only the minimum. As Lieven (1998) states, the reality of Soviet Union was very far from giving any freedom to its citizens.During capitalism workers were oppressed greatly and did not have a chance to satisfy all of their needs. The situation did not change much when Soviet leaders brought communism to the country because the oppression remained the same; it just came not from capitalists but from communist leaders. Communist leaders in Vietnam also failed to implement principl es of Marxism in the country. Similar to Lenin’s Soviet Union, Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam failed to liberate people from economic exploitation and did not give them social and political freedom. According to Anh (1995, p.126), one of the major reasons of communism’s failure in Vietnam is lack of background for it in the country. Marxism required the struggle between classes as the basis of the future revolution. In rural Vietnam, there were no antagonist classes similar to industrial Britain or Russia. The â€Å"liberation† of people in Vietnam could not be solely based on Marx’s principles due to the radical differences between the British society which Marxism based his theory on and the Vietnamese society. There was no working class in Vietnam looking for liberation from capitalist exploitation.The major figure in Vietnamese society was a peasant fighting against the exploitation by foreigners oppressors. â€Å"At the centre of Vietnamese history, s tands the peasant, tenacious and heroic defender of the land inherited from the ancestors against the foreign invaders, but recurrently rising up against the masters from within in an endless rebellion. † (Le Vietnam traditionnel. Quelques etapes historiques, 1971, p. 170). Communism in Vietnam was supposed to serve the interests of peasants in their fight against French oppressors.â€Å"The highly destructive system of economic exploitation installed by the colonial regime gave birth to new social forces, while aggravating the situation of the rural masses. † (Institute of Historical Studies, Vietnamese peasantry and rural society in the modern period, 1990, p. 35). Despite the attempts of application of Marx’s theory in Vietnam, it was destined to fail because Vietnam was eventually liberated from oppressors, and any basis for the struggle between antagonist classes disappeared.In conclusion, it is necessary to mark that in its pure version, Marxism provides an answer to the question of how to liberate people from economic, political and social oppression. Liberation of people from economic exploitation comes first and as long as it is achieved, political and social freedom can also be targeted. However, the attempts of the application of Marxism in Soviet Union and Vietnam have showed that people’s freedom cannot be achieved in real life due to fatal mistakes made by communist leaders in the application of Marxism.

In Jonathan Kozol Essay

In Jonathan Kozol’s novel Amazing Grace, religion plays a dominant role throughout the book. As Kozol describes the people in poverty of Mott Haven and the myriad horrible circumstances that they face everyday, religion provides their one and only salvation and solace. It is much easier to ask what these children don’t face than what they do. They face people dying daily, prolonged sickness, crime, drugs, abuse, alcoholism, asthma, poverty, dirt, dilapidated housing. They see people die horrific deaths whether it is from AIDS or a little girl falling down an elevator shaft that nobody would fix. They are denied medical care or given substandard care, which means people don’t get better. They attend substandard schools where they receive less than adequate education. What they don’t face is a lot of compassion or empathy. At a time in America when neo-liberalists would like to get rid of government control of the economy, which results in cutting social programs that directly benefit the poor, religion is their only means of hope. Incidentally, neo-liberalists do not have any problem with government subsidies or benefits for businesses. With the rising sentiment of â€Å"I didn’t breed them†¦I don’t want to feed them† (128), this nation’s poor are shoved away and hidden more and more. They are blamed for the problems they face, and less is being done to help. As Reverend Overall says of the lack of mention of 97th Street, though 96th Street is featured in tourist guides,, â€Å"The papers ignore realities like the waste burner, but they do it in a way that tends to neutralize the dangers almost instantly† (187). 97th Street is poverty, and America turns its back on these people in the name of neo-liberalism. The American public believes as Kozol states, â€Å"If only enough children, we are told, would act the way heroes do, say no to drugs and sex and gold chains and TV and yes to homework, values, church and abstinence, and if only enough good parents, teachers, volunteers, and civic-minded business leaders would assist them in these efforts, we could turn this around† (240). This again is blaming the victim, not the society who created these conditions at all. As long as the poor are hidden away in places we run from, the inequalities will continue to exist. And when faced with such an extensive list of problems, what can these people do? They can turn to religion. Religion provides them hope. Churches provide them with food and clean needles and community organizers as well. Church becomes the focal point around which their lives revolve. As Father Glenwith Miller says, â€Å"Many here a great deal more devout then people you would meet in wealthy neighborhoods. Those who have everything they want for need have often the least feeling for religion. The rich are very busy storing everything they can accumulate: wealth, power, or prestige†¦Still I think it grieves to hear of God when human beings created in His image treat other human beings like filthy rags† (78). This quote says a great deal about why people of Mott haven are so religious with a comment about the social responsibility of humanity as well. People from Mott Haven come to church in order to escape bullets and crime for a brief respite. They use church to take away the harshness and darkness of their own lives. Church is someplace where they can hope and dream for something better than they have. Kozol wants the reader to truly understand the power religion has to buoy their spirits against the rising tide they must face everyday—the guns, the violence, the drugs, the sickness, the injustice. A nightly prayer for Mrs. Washington’s children is â€Å"God bless Mommy. God bless Nanny. Don’t punish me because I’m black† (69). Others express the sentiment that god provides a better place after death or are just thankful that God has allowed them to live. Kozol asks Shirley Flowers, a friend of Reverend Overall’s, â€Å"Do your children have the same belief in God that you do? † She replies â€Å"Yes†¦They do. This family talks to God† (169). And when a student of Gizelle Luke’s is asked â€Å"Who do you look up to? , he replies I look up to God, my mother, and myself† (33). These quotes are used to show just how important religion is as a force in their lives. Father Glenworth Miles discusses the importance of God in this community. We are not literal fundamentalists here†¦We see God as a liberating force who calls us to deliver people from oppression. The apparent consensus of the powerful is that the ghetto is to be preserved as a perpetual catch-basin for the poor. It is not about annihilating segregation or even about transformation of the ghetto, but setting up ‘programs’ to teach people to ‘adjust’ to it, to show a ‘functional’ adaptation to an evil institution†¦As a religious man, I see it as my obligation to speak out against this, not to bend the poor to be accommodated to injustice but to empower them to fight it and to try to tear it down† (81). He determines it to be

Annie’s Homegrown Video case questions and answers Essay

1) Annie knew what she wanted and had the willingness and determination to see it through. a) Annie’s person characteristics of being health conscious, willing to take chances and focusing on no only her wants and needs, but also the wants and needs of others has helped shape the success of her business. 2) The company evolved into a multimillion dollar leader in the natural organic food industry by identifying the markets and then focused on the top ten markets. In those markets Annie’s company focused on the products attributes, being realistic and willing to take chances while maintaining a high loyalty to its existing customers. In 1998 capital infusion from Consorzio and Fantastic Foods help fuel growth in Annie’s business. Consumer satisfaction and brand awareness helped get the attention of another investor Solara Capital LLC in 2002. These investors where looking to enter into the organic food market and by investing in Annie’s company they helped the growth of Annie’s business as well. So with the help from loyal customers and investors Annie’s business was able to grow. a) I think that the only growth strategies would be focusing on what the consumer wants and finding ways to provide that. The only other thing that I can see would be trying to get more product placement in stores that they are currently not in. 3) The web site has many unique feature like: a) Spreading the goodness – finding out what’s new at Annie’s. b) Taste Our Products – give a list of products with descriptions and pictures. c) Recipes and fun tab – recipes and a kids club and a way to get free stuff d) The website its self is very unique and lively, a pleasant site to visit. 4) The web site promote Annie’s mission by having it right on the home screen of the web site. It also promotes her mission be everything that is on each page of the web site, from products to articles to recipes.

Governing Business Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Governing Business Activity - Essay Example Therefore, organizations must ensure that they have a competitive edge that will guarantee prosperity of the firm. Notably, competitiveness varies with certain factors. First, the industry in which the entities operate. Secondly, the size of the firm affects competitiveness significantly. Evidently, these factors have significant implications on competiveness. This write–up will discuss competitiveness in relation to the size of the entity. This write-up will also relate competitiveness to adaptation of large or small organizations to changes in the business environment (Harry & Normand 1996, p. 122). Competitiveness encompasses the ability of an entity to manage factors such as government, suppliers, rivals and customers. Suppliers provide an entity with inputs required to create products. Therefore, an entity should manage suppliers to ensure that costs do not spiral out of control thus, reducing an entity’s profitability. The government affects an entity’s com petitive edge by the policies it enacts (Pfeffer 1995, p. 234). Higher taxation reduces competitiveness. Conversely, tax cuts increases competitive edge since they entity can offer its clients products at reduced prices. Rivals are other partakers in the sector that are in direct competition with an entity for clientele or any other factor that is central to the undertakings of an organization e.g. raw materials. Therefore, rivalry reduces competitive edge since some competitors may opt for price cutting strategy to eliminate competition. This is a strategy utilized by large monopolistic entities, which seek dominance. The above factors influence competitiveness immensely as revealed above. However, their impact on competitiveness varies owing to the size of an entity (Pfeffer 1995, p. 231). A large firm has massive resources. As such, the entity has an enormous bargaining power, large market segment, and it operates on a massive scale. The above factors contribute significantly to the competitiveness of an entity. A large entity has the resources to undertake a far-reaching marketing. This will enhance its chances of boosting its sales. In contrast, a small organization does not have the resources to fund such campaigns. This reduces the chances of such an entity boosting its sales. An entity requires input to create its merchandise. Acquiring such inputs is tricky for smaller firms. Suppliers prefer large-scale purchasers. Consequently, large firms receive discounts form supplier decreasing their overheads. Contrary, small firm incur the full cost of their purchases. This means they do not benefit from discounts from supplier. The suppliers also treat large-scale purchasers in preference. If a shortage emerges, the smaller organizations will not receive any inputs. Large firms operate on a colossal scale allowing the entities to capitalize on economies of scale. Consequently, such entities incur minimum cost per unit product (Pfeffer 1995, p. 123). This allo ws such entities to offer reduced prices since they incur minimal costs. However, smaller firms incur higher costs per product. This reduces the ability of such to offer reduced prices. This decreases the competitiveness of smaller firms. In the analysis of the competitive edge, it is essential to evaluate the competitive advantage of firms based on innovation. A large firm has the means to invest in research. The research will contribute

Salsa as a Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Salsa as a Dance - Essay Example With room for both partners to strut their stuff, this method of dance is becoming increasingly popular throughout dance institutions and afternoon school programs not only across the United States but also the most of the other parts of the globe like India etc. Salsa dancing works with a kind of music which is basically designed with two bars consisting of four steps. Salsa dance is eventually designed for a world where leg and arm work with mesmerizing body movements give rise to passionate emotions and at the same time tend to be equally romantic. Salsa dance is actually a partner dance which is usually danced to salsa music. "The history of the Latin popular music known worldwide as "salsa" began centuries ago in the islands of the Spanish Caribbean, in a context of slavery and colonialism. Yet, it is inextricably tied to twentieth-century New York City and the growth of a thriving Latino community here. Its distinctive polyrhythm and vocal and instrumental call-and-response identify the Afro-Caribbean roots of Latin music -traditional and contemporary, sacred and secular (Salsaweb.com)". "Over the years, the sounds of salsa and the steps of the dance migrated to the U.S. as early as the 40s, where further cultivation took place in the New York City Latin population during the 1960 and 70s. Cuban and Puerto Rican communities throughout Latin America and the United States are responsible for shaping most of the steps we see today. The culture surrounding salsa also takes cues from the styles of mambo and rumba. The typical instruments accompanying salsa dance includes the thumping of congas, blaring trumpets, cowbells, timbales, and claves (Bachata Crazy.com)". Salsa dance is extremely simple and of course it is equally flexible in movements. Salsa dance is just like walking in any chosen direction and dancing on a particular spot both in straight lines or turning paces. "A step is when you put your foot down and moves your weight onto it, to be specific foot placement with weight transfer and a tap is when you put your foot down but don't move your weight onto it i.e. foot placement without weight. In many Latin countries, couples even choose which beat they would like to dance on, and it need not necessarily be the first beat (Yoe)". Both Salsa dance and music are actually believed to be originated for one another. The main purpose of existence of the renowned Salsa music has always been for dancing. "Its cooperative heritage has engendered a belief, in Latin America at least, that everyone else has an equal right to enjoyment on the dance floor (Yoe)". Both the Salsa music and dance have maintained their vitality by absorbing other influence over the decades. The dance of Salsa has got some similarities with actions like lindy - hop, hustle and swing. It has even proved capable of absorbing elements of ballroom Latin dance and Argentine tango. This fact itself sounds quite astounding to many of the lovers of Salsa. There is a lot of variation with the dancing of Salsa depending on the origin of the person dancing it along with the origin of the place from where the dance has been learnt from. At a basic level, salsa dancers from different origin can actually dance together. "British salsa is primarily anchored around the back basic; turns are executed on the second beat

Why am I here, in this Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why am I here, in this Class - Essay Example My mother is a great woman who sacrificed a lot for her family and her children. She did not receive many good opportunities in her life and hence she could not complete her high school years. Despite of her efforts, my other siblings could not make it to college. My mother’s efforts and her desire to see her children achieve a good educational stand fuelled the passion in me to attend college. The inability of my siblings to attend college further pushed me to strive harder to achieve a good academic stand and pursue my future education in the best possible way so that I could have a great career. I am here in this English class to avail the most of my opportunity to attend college and to gain the most from the knowledge imparted by my teachers. The importance and significance of English language on the global scale cannot be denied. English is an international language that is used almost universally in most of the countries of the world. It is a means of communication globa lly used by people from different places and regions to interact with each other. It is the official language of the most important internationally recognized organizations across the world. Furthermore, the best universities across the globe also impart education in English and thus it is important to have a good stand in English language. This language serves to be useful in all aspects of an individual’s life. It is important for acquiring higher level education and it is also essential in other key sectors which include business, travel and medicine. I believe that English is a language which is important not only during the educational years of an individual but it is also a language which is of extreme importance in the professional field of a person if he wishes to become a part of an internationally accredited organization. My purpose to attend this class stands clear as I wish to have a good command over English Language so that my writing, reading as well as communi cating skills in English improves. I wish to give my undivided attention towards understanding the important grammatical aspects of English so that not only does my written English get better but my fluency and speaking power also advances. Furthermore, this class is of utmost importance because a good command over English will assist me in understanding the other subjects taught in college. This is because English is the language which is used for teaching the other subjects as well. I wish to enhance my vocabulary and grammatical skills through proper learning of English. This learning will also prove to be beneficial for me in the long run as it will be of assistance to me in my future education in university as well. It will help me in understanding my course subjects. English is a language which is a medium of communication and thus my learning would provide for improving my interactive skills and boast my self-confidence as I would easily be able to collaborate and interact wi th my colleagues, friends and teachers. English will be of help to me in my professional career as well as it will provide me with an opportunity to appear confidently in interviews in good organizations. I will be able to collaborate and interact with my employers as well as coworkers in a fluent manner. I have had a difficult life but I managed to make my way through to college by facing all the hurdles that came my way. I made my mother as well as my siblings proud by reaching to a level where they wished to see me. I will work hard to make the most out of my educational years so that I can achieve success and prove myself in the academic as well as professional field. My presence in this English class is a step towards the accomplishment of my goals in my education.

My Experience of Buddhist Mindful Meditation Essay - 1

My Experience of Buddhist Mindful Meditation - Essay Example The frustration doesn’t always happen sometimes falling asleep will occur through the exhaustion of thinking about the issue. Meditation is not an art to me it is a task. Meditation is not a way of life for me it’s an emergency. Meditation is a cry for help. Meditation is a deep stare into a blissful world of taking me away. Meditation is so many things that take up a lot of time but accomplish nothing. Meditation is a way of making me feel as though I’m still trying in a lost cause. Meditation is recommended by so many using the words ‘just take some time to think about it’. Meditation has been around for years yet only a few groups use it as a way of life. ‘A way of life’ is a strong statement. To speak of one’s way of life is to speak of the rules or guidelines one has set to live by. In the instance of the Buddhist, meditation is a strong guide in life. Buddhist meditation is a way of directing one’s thoughts to be at peace with oneself and others. Buddhist meditation can be described as the art, the very essence of a Buddhist’s life. Thinking as a Buddhist, adopting their concept of life, using meditation put me in a totally different frame of mind. I had to change my view of meditation from last resort to first resort. Meditation changed for this exercise from an insignificant part of life to life’s guiding light. In order for something to guide my life and for me to follow, there must be consistency, reliability and a proven success rate. Engaging in the materials provided to me as well as extra research, Buddhist mindful meditation has been consistent, reliable and successful in the life o f a devout Buddhist. My approach to this exercise then became more of an interest than a task.

National Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

National Crisis - Essay Example After having witnessed what has befallen their country, the United States began to take terrorism more seriously that it had ever before. Here was an enemy without face that directly challenged the might of the country responsible for turning the two world wars in the favor of a free world. The American Heritage Dictionary defines terrorism as â€Å"the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons†. Everybody now knew what the word truly meant especially what the term ‘force’ implied. The United States spared no time in hunting down the members of the al-Qaeda. It began in Afghanistan where the Taliban regime proudly sponsored the extremists. Why you ask? According to †¦, â€Å"one man’s terrorist may be another man’s freedom fighter†. The country then proceeded with dismantling the Saddam Hussein regime whose reports indicate to be a major violator of human rights. (Combs, 2007; Gunaratna, 2003). The Iraqi struggle has been the focal point of criticism of the Bush administration. The war waged not on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan alone. It was also being fought in the mind and hearts of every American (Pillar, 2004; North O., Horn S, Horn S.A., 2004). After 6 years of the event, the U.S. is now split between those who considers it best that the country changes its mode from search-and-destroy to build-and-move on and those who deem it proper that the fight must carry on. They voice out their concerns in position papers, placards and editorials. In this paper, we will be analyzing two editorials whose content has much to say regarding what should be done now 5 years after the event. The purpose of this paper is not so much as to

Financial Decision Making and Risk Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Decision Making and Risk - Coursework Example The new assembly cell will require three call programmer/operators who will be recruited at a salary of  £20,000 per year each. The cell robots are expected to last for 5 years, after which they can be sold off for an estimated price of  £1,000 each. Your company’s cost of capital is currently 10%. As the Financial Director of your company, you are required to submit a detailed report to the Managing Director and your fellow Board members evaluating the proposed investment, fully justifying any recommendation you will make and identifying any potential problem areas and offering potential solutions. â€Å"Investment appraisal is the process of assessing potential investment projects to see which ones are most viable (and profitable) for the firm.† (Samuels et al, 2000). This report is aimed at understanding whether investing in the automated assembly cell will be beneficial for the company. To analyze the benefits of the investment a number of different calculations including the payback period and sensitivity analysis have been made. These have been included in the next few sections along with the investment decisions based on the calculations. Payback period is one of the simplest methods of investment appraisal. This method is generally beneficial for short-term projects and for projects where the returns are fixed and accurate. The most beneficial feature of this method is that it takes into account the liquidity of the project, which is useful for businesses to understand and concentrate on the cash flows of the company. Also, this is a very simple method comparatively (Samuels et al, 2000). Net Present Value (NPV) is the most commonly used method and it utilizes the discounted cash flows to compute the returns from an investment. In this method, initially, all the future cash flows that will be generated by the project are discounted to present value.  

Developing coaching and mentoring within organisations Essay - 1

Developing coaching and mentoring within organisations - Essay Example To achieve the above objective the report follows the chartered institute of personnel and development (CIPD) assessment activity. Five different models of coaching and mentoring were evaluated. Models assessed include; Boyatzis, iceberg, 5Rsdiagram, RAM model, and wheels of good practices. Richard Boyatzis’ model is based on a formula that he had developed that involved the intention to change stage to a long lasting behavioural change. According to Boyatzis (2008) an individual can achieve sustainable change only if he envisions the ideal self. In fact, the Boyatzis Model necessitates an honest assessment of oneself if it is to prove effective within the organization. This model transforms the behaviour of the individual The above model by Boyatzis has many strengths such as giving individuals a sense of direction and responsibility, developing their skills, abilities and capabilities, helps them conceptualize things and become more proactive and self – confident about their work. The weaknesses, though few, depends upon the individuals themselves. These include, the background they come from, the language they speak, their ability to converse and move with other individuals of different backgrounds, their beliefs and customs etc. Sigmund Freud’s ‘Iceberg Model’ depicts three levels of human consciousness, where the unconscious mind is the biggest part, but it is repressed. According to Freud, this repressed or hidden part, it is most influential. The second part is the mid section that is influenced to a certain extent by the brain. The third part is the conscious portion that we make use of o a daily basis and this is the portion responsible for all our thoughts and actions. In Freud’s opinion, all our thoughts and actions are influenced by the hidden unconscious mind. Freud’s Iceberg Model can be made use of within an organization to

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Term Paper - 5

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present - Term Paper Example ef that many individuals have that animals cannot be considered as sentient beings; therefore, extending any form of rights or the expectation thereof, is tantamount to extending rights to an unconscious object. Ultimately, the debate is somewhat circular due to the fact that neither animal rights activists nor their counterparts who advocate a reduction in animal rights rules and practice can definitively prove that consciousness exists within animals and therefore is worthy of a level of respect. With respect to this brief analysis, the author will propose an opposing viewpoint with regards to the inherent belief that animals should engender further rights and protections under law. Whereas it should not be noted that this analysis will take a contrary in view of the fact that animals are important, should be respected, and preserved for future generations, it will be the express intent of this author to engage the reader with an understanding for the fact that many of the fundamen tal arguments that animal rights activists put forward as evidence for why further animal rights should be manifested within the current world are fundamentally flawed. Firstly, it must be understood that humans are most certainly the most evolved creatures that exist on earth. By means of the process of evolution, humans have a degree of power and control with regards to their environment. For many years, individuals of a religious persuasion believed that God had given mankind â€Å"dominion† over the earth. However, whether or not one believes in evolution or whether or not one believes in intelligent design is not the issue; rather, the issue is the fact that the overall intellects and functional capacity of humans necessarily places them in a situation that they are able to make a discerning judgments and determine value based upon the needs and rights of the environment around them. Said one author, â€Å"There are a lot of people in the animal rights movement who can be very

Applying Ethical Practice Essay Example for Free

Applying Ethical Practice Essay Ethical Implications The ethical principles involved in the article reviewed are beneficence (bring about positive good) fidelity (trustworthy), and veracity (honesty) The nurse involved is caught between the core principles of nursing, by following the patients wish of not informing her parents by the diagnoses of a sexually transmitted disease. The implications of betraying the core principles of nursing could cause internal conflict with her value principles, and not to mention the trust of the patient. Other implications could be how the parents view the patient. Strict religious convictions of the parents could cause more harm to the young teen by shunning the child, and not letting the child return home would keep the child from receiving the treatment needed, and possibly create a homeless situation for the teen. Making the school aware of the girls’ situation would also be breach of confidentially, and may even cause legal complications for the health care facility. The situation with the sex parties is not related to school activities, unless sex parties were occurring on campus. Due to the fact that the nurse informed the school the young teen attempts suicide, and again may have legal complications for the nurse and the health care facility. All of these implications can be seen in the article reviewed. Ethical Theories and Ethical Principals When it comes to veracity and fidelity the profession of nursing is considered to be at the top of the list. (Honesty/Ethics in Professions, 2013) The Nightingale Pledge calls nurses to have and use these value principles on a daily basis in nursing and also in every day life. According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses provision 3 3.2†¦ the nurse has the duty to maintain confidentiality of all information. Maintaining these principles also promotes Nonmaleficence (do no harm). According Jean Watson’s carative factors (Lachman, 2012) â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship† is at the very core of nursing. Building this relationship with the patient the nurse must be self aware of any  judgmental feelings he/she may have regarding the patient situation.(Lachman, 2012) The nurse needs to decide what is the best way to care for the young teen. If confidentially is broken further treatment by the patient may not be sought afte r. Respecting the patient also means respecting confidentially. We must gain the patients fidelity and maintain the trust for continuing communication to occur. However in the article reviewed after the nurse discovers the young teens diagnoses she is torn between the trusting relationship she has been developing and the principle of beneficence by informing her parents of the diagnoses of cervical cancer. She also has the information regarding her sexual activates. Again this violates the confidentially needed to maintain the trusting relationship or beneficence. If the trust is not broken the young teen will not seek treatment and further harm will be done. Alternatives Alternatives to this situation would lead to probable breach of several core nursing values, fidelity and veracity. It would also breach Nonmaleficence. However the young teen is a minor and the diagnoses of cervical cancer is a diagnosis that needs treatment requiring parent’s consent. The alternative of keeping the young teens confidence, would result in the patient not receiving the care she needs. Which would be a breach of Nonmaleficence. It would also be a breach fidelity and veracity between the physician and the nurse. The alternative to not informing the school of the sex parties would have a much better outcome, the suicide attempt most likely would not have occurred, and the health care facility would not be looking at probable legal proceedings. Maybe changing the language and leaving out the young teens name would have been a much better alternative. Ethics Committee Approaches A breach of confidentially should never be taken lightly. The disclosure of he information to the school and the resulting attempted suicide may be of bigger concern to the health care facility, rather than the breach of confidentially between the nurse and the young teen since she is a minor, and the breach of confidentially will bring about the care the young teen needs. The committee could raise the question about the physicians’ judgment  and his decision to notify the school. References Honesty/Ethics in Professions. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1654/honesty-ethics-professions.aspx Lachman, V. D. (2012). Applying the Ethics of Nursing to Your Nursing Practice. MEDSURG NURSING, 21(2), 112-117. Retrieved from www.ana.org Nathanson, P. G. (2011, July, 6). Betraying Trust or Providing Good Care? When is it okay to break confidentially? American Journal of Bioethics. Purtilo, R. B., Doherty, R. F. (2011). Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders. American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Silver Spring, MD: Author.

Contributions of Biotechnology to Agriculture

Contributions of Biotechnology to Agriculture Introduction The Food and Agriculture Organization some 20 years ago released a paper stating that the amount of food produced worldwide will not be able to provide the constant nutritional needs for the world population by this year (2010) as a staggering 25% increase in world population was projected, though this estimation has not materialised, it has generated a lot of concerns as there has been a 4-fold population increase in the last century (1918 2009) which has led to the applications of biotechnology to agriculture or in other words the Agrobiotechnology to enhance maximum food production in an economic way. The need for the application of biotechnology to crops was also necessitated as a result of the massive crop loss due to insect pests as at that time was treated with pesticides which are expensive and thus there was a need to sustain the productivity yields of crops which was not given much of a chance as world population was on the rise. Biotechnology was able to provide prospects of producing novel, developed, safer and inexpensive crops in agricultural practices. (Brown, 1992) Agriculture is defined simply as the activities involved in the production of food crops and rearing of livestock animals, while biotechnology was defined jointly by FAO and WHO (1996) as the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services. Therefore Agrobiotechnology techniques according to Huttner et al, (1995) are implemented to reduce cost of production of crops and increasing food productivity by; increasing food quality and food processing traits, adequate disease or pest resistance, improving environmental stress tolerance, and the control of weeds which has led to the development of (genetically modified) GM crops in some parts of the world. Plant breeding techniques with the use of molecular markers such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSRP, CAPS and SSCP were improved for plants genome mapping as well as to determine plants phenotypes and select desirable traits for the proper modification of crops depending on the gene of interest that is to be incorporated into several populations of plants or crops generated by crosses. (Mohan et al, 1996) Several biotechnology approaches have also been applied in livestock farming basically because there is a general belief that the biotechnological steps to humans are just one step ahead of those applied to animals which involves the modification of animals to observe desirable traits. (Becker and Cowan, 2009) According to Fernandez-Cornejo (2008), the fundamental contributions of the application of biotechnology to agriculture depends on the acknowledgement of its prospective possible benefits and risks, however, this essay will focus on the potential contributions of biotechnology to agriculture (plants and animals) taking into account the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the technology Plant (Crop) Biotechnology Plant biotechnology developments was based on the cell theory as described by Vasil (2007) and has witnessed remarkable expansion in the last 10 years which has focused majorly on making crop production efficient and producing crops with desired traits. Plants and crops need to overcome some Biotic and Abiotic stresses to increase their productivity which led to the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops about 20 years ago which have been commercialized over the past 10 years either with single traitor multiple traits GM crops as the name implies that genes of a crop are taken and transferred to another crop or already present genes are manipulated with the main purpose of changing the features of the crop in question which may be either the way the crop develops or matures. Addressed in the next paragraph are traits that have been transferred to biotechnology or GM crops to increase their yield. Insect/pest resistance Ferry et al (2005) estimated that 10 20% of major crops are lost to insects or pests and crops are genetically modified to be poisonous and harmful to pests that attack the crops, an example is the application of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) genes to grow cotton (in China and South Africa) and corn thereby reducing pesticide use, increasing profits, yields and health benefits to farmers who apply pesticides without protective clothes. (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2004) Disease resistance Described in details by Raybould and Gray (1993), fungal, bacterial and viral infestations to crops and plants have been suppressed by genetically modifying plants to be disease resistant for example the ongoing research to reduce the viral and fungal infections to sweet potatoes and bananas respectively. Abiotic stress resistance Motavalli et al (2004) discussed the ongoing extensive research to modify crops to be able to survive in unfavourable environmental conditions such as drought, heat, cold, frost, extreme soil conditions and significantly increase food security for example the use of trehalose genes to grow rice in India to protect it from dehydration. Herbicide tolerance This trait enables a wide range of weeds to be controlled by modifying crops to be resistant to the effects of weed thereby lowering costs of herbicides, reducing tillage and effective weed control measures as discussed in Sharma et al (2002) in the growth of soybeans in Argentina. Improved nutritional value Plant biotechnologies has enabled crops to be modified to contain supplemental nutrients inadequate in diets for example the enhancement of ÃŽ ²-carotene in rice to increase vitamin A to prevent blindness which is as a result of vitamin A deficiency. Biopharmaceuticals Biotechnology applications in plants has been used to produce vaccines and medicines according to Sharma et al (2002) which has enabled production and easy distribution of cheap vaccines as in the modification of potatoes to produce bacterial vaccines for E.coli. GM crops have been widely accepted worldwide (25 countries currently) both in industrial and developing countries as shown in figure 1 mainly because of their advantages which are either economical or environmental. Apart from the fact that plant or crop biotechnology has improved the productivity and yield of crops, other economic benefits in relation to the features of GM crops are further discussed; As described by Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2004), the growth of a large variety of crops by farmers have been enhanced as there a good resistance to biotic (insects, pests or diseases) and abiotic (drought, frost, heat) conditions. With the resistance of GM crops to insects and pests, the use of pesticides is greatly reduced which in turn reduces the costs of growing these crops. Farmers are able to generate more income owing to the reduction of the cost of farming and generation of higher yields which consequently reduce the prices of crops thus alleviating poverty and starvation levels in the economy. GM crops have an improved nutrition levels thus sicknesses and illnesses are consequently averted with a better diet even in underdeveloped countries. Since GM crops can remain fresher over a long period of time for example in tomatoes, the shelf life can be increased in the market. The ability of GMO crops to withstand abiotic conditions such as drought has increased food security while the cheaper production of biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines and other medicines in GM plants has led to a great ease of distribution and manufacture of vaccines thus improving healthcare systems. Environmental benefits of GM crops as discussed by Gatehouse et al (1992); Wieczorek (2003) and Gatehouse (2005), includes the less use or no use of pesticides and insecticides which may be contaminants in the environment (land or water) and could accumulate as residues on foods thus more environmental friendly pesticides can be used while in most cases there is no need to use pesticides. Natural resources sustainability is also improved as there is less use of energy or chemicals (pesticides) while natural habitats are conserved for more efficient applications. GM crops have reduced the pressure on vegetation and biodiversity is maintained while there is a less risk of desertification and soil erosion since GM crops can be grown anywhere irrespective of abiotic conditions. According to the advantages of biotechnology described in figure 2 above, these benefits can only be achieved if the risks and concerns which constitute the disadvantages are investigated, realised and averted. (Mannion, 1995). The potential risks of biotechnology applications to crops and plants can either be health related, environmental or social as further discussed. Wieczorek, (2003) discusses the potential risk of introducing toxins and allergens into GM crops while genetic modification technology is underway is of great concern as there is a potential risk of allergens and toxins being transferred into improved crops while also emphasizing the concerns raised about the use of molecular markers during gene transfer as there is a potential risk of diseases being resistant to clinical antibiotic treatments as a result of transfer of resistance encoding genes which may contain novel bacterial strains. Of great concern as discussed by Hobbs and Plunkett, 1999 is the fact that the long term health effects of the consumption of GM crops over a long time is unknown. Of environmental concerns is the potential risk of GM crops hybridizing with related weeds which may result in superweeds that are more complicated to manage while genetic modification of plants could pose a risk of unintentional gene transfer to non GM crops from GM crops thus the former become wild plants creating ecological instabilities as discussed by Soregaroli and Wesseler, (2003). Wieczorek, (2003) suggests that the release of GM crops into the environment may pose unpredicted and adverse effects as it was emphasized by the fatal actions of Bt corn on the larvae of Monarch butterfly, though the possibility of this happening is very doubtful. Due to the fact that insect pests may get resistant to crop-fortification traits of GM crops, a swift resistance can build up among pest populations as it was feared with Bt crops while biological diversity in nature stand a great risk of being adversely affected as there may be an increase on the reliance of GM crops which could intensif y failure of non-GM crops and put at risk food security. A social concern as discussed by Persley and Siedow, (199) raises the arguments of GM crops being labelled as practiced in the U.S.A where Gm crops carry a label showing a difference in while another concern is the inadequate access to seeds of GM crops or food plants that have been patented as these seeds cannot be saved for replanting. GM crops/food plants have been referred to as unnatural by critics as they are modified by humans and not found in nature as other crops created by God thus causing uproar of religious and ethical concerns as discussed in Knight (2008) while it is feared that these GM plants could someday turn into weeds, adversely affect the natural ecosystem due to direct and indirect impacts on non-targeted plants/crops as described by Azadi and Ho, (2009). Animal Biotechnology Animal biotechnology was described by Cowan and Becker, (2006) as series of techniques by which living beings are genetically modified to benefit humans and animals by exploiting and introducing desirable trait which is as a result of the genetic code being discovered in the early 1950s with technologies including embryo transfer, transgenics, in-vitro fertilization, sexing embryo, cloning and gene knockout but with transgenics being the most commercialized while cloning being the technique surrounded with much controversy. Animal biotechnologies have not received much attention as attributed to plant/crop biotechnology as there is so much controversy surrounding its applications as there is a general concern that these applications could one day be applied to humans since its just a step ahead of the applications to livestock to observe desired traits. Embryo transfer, In-vitro fertilization, sexing embryo and even cloning can be classified as reproducing technologies that have several advantages as described by Gordon, 2004 which includes; the improvement of the reproducing capacities of livestock, the reduction of the level of infertility in animals, enablement of old livestock to donate ovules if they cant maintain pregnancies, the observation of specific sex (male or female) as desired traits while the embryos in all these techniques can also be stored in an embryo bank and can be easily retrieved when required. Gene knockout/targeting techniques has a major advantage of increasing the knowledge of stem cells and similar genes that may be present in humans and livestock and can be use to study diseases and ailments as discussed by Serhan and Ward, (1999). Cloning of animals is also advantageous; as it provides farmers with a range of better performing animals in a generation, is used to improve the population of livestock or endangered animals while inexpensive and many biologically engineered drugs can be modified by using genes that can encode proteins from human as discussed by Van Niekerk, (2005). Application of transgenics which is performed either by microinjection or homologous recombination however is the most advantageous and commercialized animal biotechnology with several examples as shown in table 1, below. As numerous as the advantages and contributions of animal biotechnology are, there are still health, environmental and social concerns that want to constitute as disadvantages to the biotechnology applications for instance the safety of food from GM animals could pose a threat to human health as unpredicted and unintended changes may arise in their composition while environmental issues are based on the break out of gene flow into natural populations as feared especially in superfish as escape into habitats will disrupt natural ecosystems and may cause the introduction of undiscovered genes into the environment. Cowan and Becker (2006). Social acceptance concerns has been a major disadvantage of animal biotechnologies as discussed by Becker and Cowan (2009) which arise from labelling, welfare of animals, genetic biodiversity and trade issues have limited the commercialization of animal biotechnologies. Purpose/ Advantage Animal Models Faster Growth/ Leaner meat Cattle, pig, rabbits, sheep Altered milk composition (higher protein) Cattle Biosteel production in milk Goat Reduced phosphorous in swine feaces (Enviropig) Pig Increased wool production Sheep Disease resistance Pig, sheep, rabbit Xenotransplantation (animal organs for humans) Pig Aquaculture (Growth Hormones of Superfish) Salmon Production of human protein in milk Sheep Production of pharmaceuticals and therapeutics Sheep, cattle Table 1: Applications of Transgenics in Farm Animals. Modified from original source; Cowan and Becker (2006)

Genealogical Experiment of Fish Types

Genealogical Experiment of Fish Types David Hess Abstract: To introduce us to proteins, which truly make one organism different from another in terms of phenotype, our instructor challenged us to study the physical and proteomic traits of salmon, catfish, turbot, halibut, and yellow-fin tuna and estimate how each fish is related on the evolutionary tree. To do so, our lab group first accessed online research websites to compare the phenotypes of the different Ichthyoids. We specifically researched sizes, swim types, biological features, habitat preferences, and taxonomic names that derive from the evolutionary tree. After this, we then obtained samples of the muscle tissue in each fish, which were provided by the instructor, and then extracted the proteins from each sample. By treating the samples with sodium dodecyl sulfate and applying heat. We were able to denature the[D1] tertiary and quaternary structures of the proteins, which left the proteins long, stringy, and negatively charged. Next, we were able to separate the proteins by length a la gel electrophoresis, and compare the different proteins in the fish as we observed the different bars that appeared on the gel. After comparing both the physical traits and the proteins in each fish, we were to predict which species preceded the next according to evolution. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to study the physical attributes and proteomics of different species of fish to determine the potential genealogical tree connecting these species Instructor/Background: Proteins often bind together, forming polypeptide chains. Some atoms on these chains are hydrophilic, while others are hydrophobic. This is due to the fact that the different r-groups (the only part of an amino acids that distinguishes it from another), may or may not form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules that they are summered in. When a hydrophobic group enters the body of water, the hydrogen bonds in the water break apart, yet cannot bind to the r group on the amino acids, so the water forms bonds with itself again around the r-group, thus pushing the r-group away due to the magnetic forces that push similarly charged atoms away from eachother. However, if a hydrophilic group is exposed to water, hydrogen bonds are formed with the r-group, pulling the r-group out of the remaining protein structure due to magnetic forces pulling the two bodies together as they are oppositely charged. These two interactions cause the protein to bundle up, making it hard to perform accurate ge l electrophoresis on. It becomes especially difficult when these proteins bind together with disulfide bonds. Heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate break apart the disulfide and hydrogen bonds. This allows us to separate the proteins in electrophoresis, which can then be compared. [A] Data/Organization [D2]of Records: The following data results from reseach using the Fishbase website to compare phenotypes between the studied fish Common Name: Salmon Scientific Fish: Oncorhynchus Keta Taxonomic Classification: Family Salmonidae (Salmonids) Order Salmoniforms (Salmons) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Size: Max Published Weight: 15.9kg Environment: Marine; Freshwater; Brackish; Benthopelagic; Anadromous Depth Range: 0-250m Biology: Inhabits Ocean and Coastal streams. Adults cease eating in freshwater. Die After Spawning. Migrating fry forms schools in estuaries, remain close to shore for a few months, and disperse and enter into the sea. Epilegic. Swim Type: Anguilliform (Moves Body and Caudal Fin) Additional Factors: Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Epilogic-Living in the upper zone of the ocean from just below the surface to about 100m in depth Common Name: Halibut Scientific Fish: Hippoglossus Hippoglossus Taxonomic Classification: Family Pleuronectidae (Right-Eye Flounders) Order Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fish) Size: Max Recorded Length: 470.0cm Max Recorded Weight: 320.0kg Environment: Marine; Demersal Depth: 50-2000m Biology: Adults are Benthic, but occasionally Pelagic. Feeds mainly one other fishes, but also eats cephalopods, large crustaceans, and other bottom-living animals. Seriously affected by overfishing Swim Type: Anguilliform: Body and Caudal Fin Additional Factors: Dorsal Spines Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Benthic: Lives one the bottom of a body of water Pelagic: Lives far away from land Common Name: Catfish Scientific Fish: Neoprius Graeffei Taxonomic Classification: Family Arildae (Sea Catfishes) Order Siluriformes (Catfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes) Size: Max Length 60.0cm Environment: Marine; Freshwater; Brackish; Demersal PH Range 7.5-8.2 Anadromous Biology: Inhibit freshwater rivers and lagoons, Brackish estuaries, coastal marine waters. Feeds on arthropods, insects, aquatic plants, mollusks, prawns, crayfish, fishes, and bottom detritus Swim Type: Anguilliform (moves body and caudal fin) Additional Factors: 1 Dorsal spine, 7 dorsal soft rays, and 15-19 soft anal spines Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Anadromous: Migrates from freshwater to spawn in salt-water Common Name: Yellowfin Tuna Scientific Fish: Thunaus Albacarares Taxonomic Classification: Family Scombridae (Mackerels, Tunas, Bonitos) Order Perciformes (Perch-Likes) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes) Size: Max Weight: 200.0kg Max Length: 230.0cm Environment: Marine; Brackish; Pelagic-Oceanic; Oceandromous Depth Range: 1-250m Biology: Lives above and below thermoclines, Pelagic in open water, rarely seen around reefs, school by size, large fish school with porpoise, sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen, resides near ocean debris Swim Type: Anguilliform (Movements of body and/or Caudal fin) Additional Factors: 11-14 Dorsal Rays, 12-16 Dorsal soft rays,11-16 Anal Soft Rays, 39 Vertebrae Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Common Name: Turbot Scientific Fish: Scophthalmus Maximus Taxonomic Classification: Family Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Order Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Size: Max Published Weight: 25.0kg Environment: Marine; Brackish; Demersal; Oceandromous; Temperate Depth Range: 20-70m Biology: Live one sand, rock, or mixed bottom. Almost Circular Bottom. Eye side without scales, but instead bony tubercles. Feeds one bottom-living fishes (sand eels, gobies, etc.) and larger crustaceans and bivalves. Lives especially in Brackish Waters Swim Type: Anguilliform: Movements of body and/or caudal fin Additional Factors: Larvae are initially systematic, but after 40-50 days, the right eye moves to its left side. Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Oceandromous: migratory one salt-water Upon the conclusion of our lab, we obtained a gel with protein bands that looked like this: The following graph shows a standard curve based on the distance that the bars travelled and the weight of said bars: The following table describes the distances various bands of proteins moved down their wells. We would use this information to calculate the weight of these bands by comparing them to our standard curve:[D3] By using the band distances and the standard curves that we made, we were able to calculate the weight of these protein bands in Kilo Daltons: By comparing the bands on the gel, our lab group made the following tables showing which fish had certain proteins in their muscles tissue. *Each, â€Å"X† represents the presence of the mentioned protein on the left-hand side of the table in the fish This table compares the proteins located in the chart above, and shows the similarities of proteins between the species. Results: Upon the completion of the analysis of our results, we obtained the following Celptogram[D4]. We knew that Species E only shared a common protein with species B, so it needed to be on one of the ends of the Cleptogram[D5]. We also noted that species C and D shared multiple common proteins in common, so they needed to be close together on the tree. During our analysis of the proteins, our teacher identified which letter represented each fish (it had remained a blind experiment up till this point) as the following: Fish A-Salmon Fish B-Yellow fin Tuna Fish C-Halibut Fish D-Turbot Fish E-Catfish With this extra information, we were able to analyze both our results and the evolutionary tree to create the cleptogram. For example, we noticed that species C and D both had a similarity with D, so we looked at the evolutionary tree to measure whether Tuna or Halibut were closer to Salmon evolutionarily to finish our prediction. Discussion: When reviewing the data once more, we noticed some discrepancies in our cladogram compared to the evolutionary tree. For example, our Yellow-fin Tuna found its way onto the beginning of the tree, when it should have landed near the end according to the evolution tree in our packet. Otherwise, we believe this experiment [D6]was a success, as we learned about how proteins can be used to supplement genetics and give us another tool in understanding our history. This could possibly be result of contamination in the fish muscle samples, due to touching the muscles with the same pair of gloves when transferring them into the tunes for protein extraction. If we were ever to do this experiment again, we would be sure to use tweezers of another similar tool to handle the muscles. Work cited â€Å"Hydrophobic_Interactions†http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/Intermolecular_Forces/Hydrophobic_interactions [D1]Include secondary here as well. Get this published! http://www.journys.org/content/procedures [D2]â€Å"Could this have been organized into a data table which contains all the fish and is still able to describe these different features of the bioinformatics? Thank you for getting the bioinformatics in here! [D3]Good connection between data sets. [D4]cladeogram [D5]? [D6]Great work! This experiment went swimmingly! Hah!

Essay --

Name: Salma Atef ID: 116741 Module Title: Comparative Politics Module Leader: Dr. Gamal Selim Research Paper Topic: The role of military in non-democratic/ authoritarian systems Due Date: 19th of December, 2013 The Role of military in Non-Democratic States The role of military extensively varies from one country to another in light of the country’s military institution. In addition, it is characterized by its various fundamental duties, which is: firstly, to enhance the means of protection of the country’s borders from both, external and internal (domestic) threats which can possibly put the country in an ominous situation, and secondly, to meddle in urgent political affairs. In other words, to intervene in politics and take a step in to help redeem the situation, to some extent this can be held for a period of time or for a lifetime. In light of the military’s intervention which occurred in Turkey for several years, it is in fact in the interest of Egypt to be ruled under a military rule for the sake of stability and achieving the state’s goals yet it cannot be guaranteed. This paper will examine the role of military in two countries. The two case studies used are Egypt and Turkey (being used as a role mod el). Chiefly, the paper will be divided into three sections: the first section will assiduously define the principle of military interventions in general as well as mention its importance and under what conditions is it necessary to intervene. Whereas the second section will comprehensibly discuss and inspect the approach (methods) that Turkey had taken to result in such a democratic development after the coup d’Ã ©tat (1980); this was the third coup on Turkey, and thus it had several negative effects on its economy. ... ...ary and the Egyptian Revolution. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/3303395/The_Military_and_the_Egyptian_Revolution_Resistance_to_Reform Roberts, H. (2012). What Happened to Democracy in Turkey? A Beacon of hope in the Middle East is plunging into twilight. Retrieved from: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/what-happened-to-democracy-in-turkey-a-beacon-of-hope-in-the-middle-east-is-plunging-into-twilight-8399325.html Schwartz, D. (2013). Egypt’s ‘Dangerous precedent’ and Turkey’s history of Coups. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/m/touch/canada/story/1.1356899 Surtees, J. (2011). ‘Turkey is not a free Country’. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/may/01/turkey-free-democratic-reform-youth Tachau, F. & Heper, M. (1983). The state, politics, and the military in Turkey. Comparative Politics, Vol. 16 (No.1), pp., 17-33.

Information Management Essay -- essays research papers

Executive Summary The report aims to address the issue of information management within Lanway. Information, may feel is the most important resource any firm has, yet many firms have no appreciation of the cost, value or importance of the information they hold. By first outlining the steps and findings of an information audit carried out within the firm, conclusions are then drawn as to what measures should be taken in order to increase the effectiveness of Lanways information usage. The measures suggested are outlined in detail, with recommendations of both hardware and software. The report also establishes the need for information and for a company information strategy – highlighting the importance of aligning such a strategy with the overall business plan. Background Lanway Corporate Business Systems began trading in 1985 from a small market stall on Burnley market. Selling games only for the Spectrum range of computers (the most popular at that time) it began to build up a regular customer base. The firm continued in this way, until 1991 where the introduction of the personal computer led to a change in product and business activity. With the introduction of both new hardware and software, Lanway was now in a position to manufacture and sell its own PC’s. By moving into its own premises, the firm was now able to make substantial profit margins by building and pre-configuring a small range of machines. Lanway began to trade with other firms in 1994, at which point they were forced to expand both their existing premises and staff. They also began to diversify, moving into new areas such as networking technologies, the internet and more specialised hardware and software. Lanway currently has a turnover of approximately 5 million and over 40 staff, both of which are expected to continue in growth. They manufacture around 200 PC’s per week, each different in model, make and specification. The company classes itself in the batch manufacturing bracket. At present, the firm can be split into 5 departments. Sales, Accounts, Networking, Repairs and finally Production or Workshop. The firm is completely networked using a mixture of Microsoftâ„ ¢ and Novellâ„ ¢ technologies. Individual internet access and email is available to all employees. All hardware and software configuration work is carried out in-house. Because the firm has grown in the manner that it... ...use of the nature of the business and the products sold, it is vital that the information stored within the internal systems is accurate, relevant and accessible by all employees. By implementing the steps outlined above, many of these issues should be addressed. However it is up-to the company as how successfully they are implemented. Employees will need to be made aware how important the new systems and the new policies that have been introduced are. Only then will the firm begin to see benefits. The costs incurred in this project are minimal, simply because all work can be carried out in house and all products purchased at almost cost, although formal training is certainly recommended – something which will need to be outsourced. The new intranet should help to increase the distribution of information and the consistent manner in which employees are able to access the information should in the long term help the new systems to be used effectively. In order to ensure that Lanway obtains the required results, an information audit should be carried out on a yearly basis – thereby identifying any problems that have risen from implementation of were overlooked on previous audits.

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way. Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way.

Education Requirement Essay

1. Should there be a minimum education requirement for the beauty therapist job? Discuss Before answer this question, we should discuss about job analysis. Job analysis is the systematic process of determine skills, duties and knowledge required to performing jobs in organization. One of the purposes job analysis is to answer what qualifications are need to perform the jobs Back to our question, owner of Tangerine Center Sdn Bhd want to upgrade their business service. She want to offer more service such as spa, beauty consultant, skin therapist and medical esthetics. Based on new job descriptions and job specifications, beauty therapist should have minimum education requirement. 2. What is your opinion of Jenny’s effort to upgrade the people in the organization?. Jenny’s effort to upgrade the people in organization is good for her business. Maybe after upgrade her staff, her business can get more income. She should consider human resource management function before proceed with upgrading plan. i. Staffing She should ensure always has proper number of staff with appropriate skill, qualified and suitable number of staff. She also should have good job analysis to ensure his mission will accomplish. ii. Human Resource Development Training is important part in staff development. She should give more training to her staff in order to improve their skill. Her staffs have basic knowledge and skill as beautician. Enhancement program will improve their ability and soft skill knowledge. Another important part in human resource development is organization development. She should make her business more effective. Improve in tool and equipment will make her business more competitive. iii. Compensation When she upgrade her staff qualification, she should pay higher than staff with basic qualification. Total staff cost will increase and she should have proper plan to increase revenue. As conclusion, Jenny’s effort will give good effect to her business when she upgraded the people in the organization. 3. What legal ramifications, if any, should Jenny have considerer? As an employer, Jenny should be aware of the rules and guideline for hiring and recruiting an employee. This is for major law to follows ; i. Employment Act 1955 : A Guide To Malaysian Labour Laws ii. Workmen’s Compensation iii. Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966 (Revised 1988) iv. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Marketing MIx Essay

SyllabusSchool of BusinessMKT/421 discrepancy 12merchandisingCopyright 2011, 2009, 2008, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2001 by University of Phoenix. alone rights reserved. rails DescriptionThis conformation involves an integrated analysis of the role of merchandise within the total cheek. Specific concern is given to the analysis of factors affecting consumer behavior, the appointment of selling variables, the learning and practice of merchandise strategies, and the discussion of international trade issues.Policies strength and pupils/learners bequeath be held responsible for disposition and adhering to all policies contained within the by-line deuce documentsUniversity policies You moldiness(prenominal) be logged into the schoolchild website to attend this document. Instructor policies This document is posted in the Course Materials forum.University policies atomic number 18 subject to change. Be sure to conduct the policies at the blood tilt of to each sensation scr een. Policies may be sparingly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you charter recently changed modalities, read the policies g overning your authoritative class modality.Course MaterialsArmstrong, G., & Kotler, P. (2011). grocery An introduction (10th ed.). Upper rouse River, NJ Prentice Hall.Kerin, R. A., Hartley, S. W., & Rudelius, W. (2011). selling (10th ed.). impertinent York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). market management (14th ed.). Upper agitate River, NJ Prentice Hall.Perreault, W. D., Jr., Cannon, J. P., & McCarthy, E. J. (2011). mountainonical merchandise A market system formulation approach (18th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.All electronic materials atomic number 18 available on the student website. week One merchandise bedrock dilateDuePointsObjectives1.1 Define merchandise.1.2 exempt the richness of selling in physical compositional achievement. 1.3 pull the elements of the market mix.1.4 Explain the magnificence of the merchandise mix in the turnment of merchandise system and tactics. 1.5 Create a marketing plan.1.6 point quantifiable elements that move be utilize to evaluate, monitor, and control marketing military strength.ASSIGNMENT09/09/13Due participationPoints occupying get hold of Ch. 1 & 2 of Basic selling.09/09/13 reading material get wind Ch. 1 & 2 of marketing Management.09/09/13 renditionReview this weeks electronic take for breedings.09/09/13 connection infix in class discussion.09/09/1320 accomplishment team up instruction manual schooling squad Charter induce discipline team process. Create the knowledge aggroup Charter and Log impart be due next week. outgrowth Due Date 9/19/13.Learning Team Instructions selling externalize(Preparation)Your Learning Team must create a radical crossroad or religious serve up for an existing organization and complete assignments related to creating a market devise. These a ssignments culminate in the marketing stick out Final Paper and insertion, due in workweek Five.The marketing see deliverables atomic number 18 trade Plan grade I Paper market Plan physical body II Papermerchandising Plan chassis III PaperMarketing Plan Final Paper and Pre directationBegin working on the Marketing Plan. A Marketing Plan precis is available in Course Materials, and result be posted in OLS. individualisticDefining Marketing Paper publish a 700- to 1,050-word news publisher publisher in which you bushel marketing. Include your personal definition of marketing and definitions from two different commencements. Explain the importance of marketing in organizational success, base on these definitions. Provide at to the lowest degree three examples from the business world to comport your explanation. Properly cite etymons apply in the paper. data format your paper accordant with APA guidelines.09/09/13100Week Two Marketing searchDetailsDuePointsObjecti ves22.1 Justify the importance of marketing seek in the ripening of marketing strategy and tactics. 2.2 go the importance of competitive scholarship and analysis in marketing. 2.3 site divers(a) segmentation criteria that impact level market selection. 2.4 Describe the various types of organizational buyers and consumers and the factors that tempt their purchasing decisions. 09/16/13 haveingRead Ch. 8 of Marketing.Read Ch. 4, 5, & 6 of Marketing An Introduction.09/16/13ReadingRead this weeks Electronic appropriate Readings.09/16/13 community take part in class discussion.09/16/1320 privateMarketing Mix Paper publish a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you observe the elements of the marketing mix harvesting, give, price, and promotion. Include the following deal an organization with which you atomic number 18 familiar and describe how each champion of the four elements of the marketing mix affects the development of the organizations marketing strategy and tactics. Describe how each element is implemented. Suggested use of headings for each of the 4-Ps ( crop, impairment, Place, and advancement). site your selected organization and the industry in which it exists. fix up your paper pursuant(predicate) with APA guidelines. Suggested Research One Source listed from our text(s), and a negligible of two spare credible sources.09/16/13120Learning TeamMarketing Plan kind ICreate a upstart result or service for an existing organization. This crop or service will be the basis for your Marketing Plan Paper. throw your instructors approval of your growth or service before pedigree this project. sort 1 keep a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that includes the followingAn overview of the existing organizationA description of the new harvest-feast or serviceAn explanation of the importance of marketing to your selected organizations success A SWOTT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends) analysis on the new intersection point or service The marketing investigate approach you would use to develop the marketing strategy and tactics for this new output or service mend to the Marketing Plan Outline laid on the student website for the general textile of the Marketing Plan. set up your paper undifferentiated with APA guidelines. Suggested look into phthisis our Text(s) and a minimal of 2 additive credible sources. Suggested use of Headings for each bullet point in the assignment.09/19/1350Learning Team Charterattainment squad CHARTER Post in grant impinging of Team Leader09/19/135Learning Team Log accomplishment TEAM logarithm Post in Assignment Link of Team Leader09/19/135Week Three Marketing Strategy Product and PriceDetailsDuePointsObjectives33.1 Describe the affinity between note and position of products or services. 3.2 die the impact of the product looktime troll on marketing. 3.3 Identify the eliminate price strategy that should be used in the development of the strategic marketing p lan. 09/23/13ReadingRead Ch. 4, 9, 10, 17, & 18 of Basic Marketing.09/23/13ReadingRead this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings.09/23/13ParticipationParticipate in class discussion.09/23/1320 undividedMarketing Research Paper claim ONE excerption ONLY (APA Individual Paper)OPTION 1Visit one of your favorite Grocery Stores, Non-Foods, W arhouse Clubs, or Mass Merchandisers. mental testingine one incision (i.e. Cereals).Describe the breed you feature visited.What are the study brands in the division you defy chosen? How many individual items are in the department?Are on that point any new items?What is the price scat from lowest to highest?Are any of the items presently being promoted? How?Ask the memory passenger vehicle 1 or 2 Marketing interrogative moods on any topic / issue, and integrated this cultivation into your paper. Suggestions for the Managers question 1. Has your stores foot avocation been increasing or decreasing? 2. If decreasing, what types of promotions have you been doing to get more shoppers back into the store? 3. Who are your strongest competitors?4. How well does your Private check / Store Brand product line sell versus National Brands?Considering the entire store1. Discuss how you feel they differentiate themselves from their competitors. 2. How do you feel they have positioned themselves in the point of their target customer? (i.e. The Low Price Leader) 3. What price strategy are they utilizing in your opinion?4. What recommendations do you have for the store to improve their business in the department you have studied? (i.e. are their prices right? Does the appearance/flow of the department make it easy for the consumer to shop? Etc)Format your paper unvarying with APA guidelines. Suggested length 1,050 1,400 words. OPTION 2Resource Kudler hunky-dory Foods virtual(prenominal) disposal apply the Virtual Organization touch base on the student website to inlet additional company information on Kudler Fine Foods. sav e up a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you justify the importance ofmarketing research in developing Kudler Fine Foods marketing strategy and tactics. Include the followingIdentify the areas where additional market research is needed. Analyze the importance of competitive countersign and analysis regarding the development of Kudler Fine Foods marketing strategy and tactics.With either Option Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.09/23/13150Learning TeamMarketing Plan Phase II apply the product or service you selected for your Marketing Plan Phase I Paper.PHASE IIWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you source the followingIdentify the segmentation criteria that will affect your target market selection.Identify your target market.Describe the organizational buyers and consumers of your product or service and the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. Discuss how these factors will affect your marketing strategy.Analyze current competitors and defin e the competitive landscape for your product or service.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. (Suggested use of sources and research One source from our text(s) and a nominal of two additionalcredible sources).09/26/1350Learning Team LogLEARNING TEAM logarithm Post in Assignments Link of Team Leader09/26/135Week quadruplet Marketing Strategy Place and PromotionDetailsDuePointsObjectives44.1 Analyze the impact of channel management decisions on marketing. 4.2 take up appropriate distribution channels.4.3 Identify the appropriate place and promotional strategy that should be used in the development of the strategic marketing plan. 09/30/13ReadingRead Ch. 11, 12, 14, & 16 of Basic Marketing.09/30/13ReadingRead this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings.09/30/13ParticipationParticipate in class discussion.09/30/1320IndividualUsing perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation epitomeComplete the simulation, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, located on the student website. Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word summary in which you address the following for each of the three major phases in the simulation The situationYour recommended solutions, including whyYour resultsSummarize the different marketing components address in this simulation by say the following questionsWhat is the relationship between differentiation and fix of products or services? Is the dislodge of the product in the simulation as you had expected it to be? Explain why or why not.What is the effect of the product life cycle on marketing? What effect did the product life cycle have on the product in the simulation? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines09/30/1370Learning TeamMarketing Plan Phase IIIUse the product or service you selected for your Marketing Plan Phase I Paper. PHASE IIIWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that includes the following informationDescribe the attributes of your product or service in detail.Describe the pace at which your product will move through with(pred icate) the product life cycle and the factors that will affect its movement. How will the product life cycle affect the marketing of your selected product or service?Identify the positioning and differentiation strategies for the product or service.Identify the appropriate price strategy that should be used for the product or service.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. (Suggested use of sources and research One source from our text(s) and a minimum of two additional credible sources). 10/03/1360Learning Team LogLEARNING TEAM LOG Post in Assignments Link of Team Leader10/03/135Week Five The Dynamic environment of MarketingDetailsDuePointsObjectives55.1 Identify environmental factors that affect marketing decisions. 5.2 Explain the impact of technology on marketing.5.3 Analyze the importance of social responsibleness and ethics in marketing. 10/07/13ReadingRead Ch. 3 & 13 of Marketing Management.10/07/13ReadingRead Ch. 15 & 16 of Marketing An Introduction.10/07/13Readi ngRead this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings.10/07/13ParticipationParticipate in class discussion.10/07/1320IndividualFinal scrutinyFINAL EXAM (Suggestion Do not Wait Until Last Day)Click the link to the Final Examination on the student website available at the end of Week Four through the end of Week Five. Complete the Final Examination. You are allowed one attempt to complete the examination, which is timed and must be completed in 3 hours. Results are auto graded and sent to your instructor. Typical exams have 30 questions with a combination of multiple choice and reliable/False. Exam TipsSee Course Materials for 2 attachmentsA) Tips for Exam SuccessB) MKT 421 Final Exam Study GuideUse your Chapter Readings as a reference for all major concepts, some of which will be 1) The 4-Ps of Marketing2) Positioning and Differentiation3) The Product Life Cycle4) Market air division and Demographics5) The Purchase Decision edge6) diffusion (Intensive / selective)7) The New Product Devel opment Process8) Market Research (Primary vs. Secondary)9) Monitor and go out elements.Instructor will post the PowerPoints from the readings any week after class for easier reference. 10/07/13150IndividualLearning Team Evaluation10/07/135Learning TeamMarketing Plan Final PhaseResources Marketing Plan Phase I Paper, Marketing Plan Phase II, Paper, Marketing Plan Phase III PaperUse the Marketing Plan Outline listed on the student website as a guide.Write a 1,750 to 3,000 word paper Phase IV. Address the following information in your paperIdentify the appropriate place and promotional strategy that should be used in developing the strategic marketing plan. Develop an initial sales promotion schedule.Create an advertising plan.Identify human race relations opportunities for the product or service. Analyze the effect of channel management decisions on the marketing of your selected product or service. Select appropriate distribution channels for your product or service and address b e in terms of placement, shipping, and middlemen. Develop a budget for your plan.Identify quantifiable elements that can be used to evaluate, monitor, and control the effectiveness of your marketing plan. Conclusions / RecommendationsFormat your paper consistent with APA guidelines. (Suggested use of sources and research One source from our text(s) and a minimum of two additional credible sources).10/07/1380Learning Team Presentation piss a 15- to 20-minute oral origination go with by 10- to 15-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation illustrating your Marketing Plan Paper. May use additional presentation elements such as Samples, Demonstrations, Focus Groups, Surveys. Suggested distance of Time 20 30 minutes. likely penalty for coming in over or under the time delineate 5%10/07/1340Learning Team LogLEARNING TEAM LOG Post in Assignments Link of Team Leader10/07/135TOTAL POINTS procurable 1000CopyrightUniversity of Phoenix is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries.Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product name are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to allude endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation.Edited in compliance with University of Phoenix editorial standards and practices.