HR Management, Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Management, Training and Development - Essay Example Where Mel will in general accept that the input created day by day, by Jennifer, ought to be sufficient to improve the degrees of efficiency inside the subordinate staff individuals, Jennifer accepts that a progressively formal way to deal with recognizing qualities and shortcomings would make an increasingly positive result as far as in general profitability. Utilizing Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as a fitting guide to help Jennifers position, under this hypothesis workers can't arrive at the zenith of their capacities (this acting naturally realization) without the receipt of confidence (Morris and Maisto, 2005). In the business world, confidence has been known as a positive result of consistent fortification, both positive and basic (Green, 2004). In spite of the fact that the contextual investigation proposes that Jennifer is routinely mindful of the exercises of her subordinate representatives and makes endeavors to feature their qualities and shortcomings, it is critical to formalize these conversations in order to guarantee a proposal of different awards for execution. For example, on the off chance that the objective of this specific association is to expand deals, at that point Jennifer (and Mel) ought to embrace the proper examination process not exclusively to make sure about a progressively roused and gainful staff, yet t o guarantee that the representatives unmistakably comprehend their activity related desires and get the essential self-assurance (regard) to really appreciate going to the working environment. This makes an impression of decency and parity in the supervisory crew where the representatives can come to depend on honest detailing of their competency levels and fabricate fellowship between the administration staff and themselves. In light of this, staying away from the conventional evaluation process in return for different business-related issues that are viewed as need, the association is denying themselves the chance to make a progressively firm staff who moves in the direction of vital targets in return for a reasonable examination of their capacity inside the business. In spite of the fact that Mels contentions are to some degree

Library and Theoretical Framework

Definition Theories are detailed to clarify, anticipate, and get marvels and, as a rule, to challenge and expand existing information, inside the restrictions of the basic jumping presumptions. The hypothetical system is the structure that can hold or bolster a hypothesis of an exploration study. The hypothetical system presents and depicts the hypothesis which clarifies why the exploration issue under examination exists. Significance of Theory A hypothetical system comprises of ideas, along with their definitions, and existing hypothesis/speculations that are utilized for your specific study.The hypothetical structure must show a comprehension of speculations and ideas that are pertinent to the subject of your examination paper and that will relate it to the more extensive fields of information in the class you are taking. The hypothetical structure isn't something that is found promptly accessible in the writing. You should survey course readings and appropriate research writing fo r speculations and logical models that are applicable to the exploration issue you are examining. The choice of a hypothesis ought to rely upon its propriety, simplicity of use, and illustrative power.The hypothetical system reinforces the examination in the accompanying manners. 1 . An unequivocal proclamation of hypothetical suppositions allows the peruser to assess them fundamentally. 2. The hypothetical system associates the scientist to existing information. Guided by an important hypothesis, you are given a reason for your theories and decision of research strategies. 3. Articulating the hypothetical presumptions of an examination study drives you to address inquiries of why and how. It licenses you to move from basically portraying a wonder saw to making speculations regarding different parts of that marvel. 4.Having a hypothesis causes you to distinguish the cutoff points to those speculations. A hypothetical structure determines which key factors impact a marvel of intrigue . It makes you aware of look at how those key factors may vary and under what conditions. By temperance of its application nature, great hypothesis in the sociologies is of worth decisively in light of the fact that it satisfies one main role: to clarify the importance, nature, and difficulties of a wonder, frequently experienced yet unexplained on the planet in which we live, with the goal that we may utilize that information and comprehension to act in increasingly educated and viable ways.A hypothetical structure is an aggregation of interrelated ideas, for example, a hypothesis however not really turned out to be so well. A hypothetical structure guides you in doing research, figuring out what sort of things you will quantify, and what kind of factual connections you will pay special mind to. A hypothetical structure is a hypothetical point of view of something. It can just be a hypothesis, yet it can likewise be progressively broad or a fundamental way to deal with getting some thing. Regularly, a hypothetical structure characterizes the sorts of factors that you will need to take a gander at. A hypothetical system alludes to an assortment of interrelated concepts.It resembles a hypothesis however it is so all around worked out. It controls one's exploration, figures out what things one will quantify and the factual connections one will search for. A hypothetical system is an assortment of interrelated ideas, similar to a hypothesis however not really so all around worked-out. It controls your examination, figuring out what things you will quantify, and what measurable connections you will search for. Hypothetical systems are additionally significant in exploratory investigations. Hypothetical system is a structure that is utilized for supporting a hypothesis of any exploration work. It clarifies the hypothesis of why the examination is necessary.The system encourages the peruser to understand the inquiry that the exploration is established on. A hypotheti cal system is an accumulation of contemplations and hypotheses on an examination subject. To compose a hypothetical structure, distinguish the center arrangement of connectors inside a point indicating how they are identified with the examination subject. When composing hypothetical system, incorporate a framework of existing hypotheses firmly identified with the exploration subject. Exhibit that the point tends to questions that intrigue those previously inquiring about the field at that point explain how your examination identifies with the current theories.Your own hypothetical presumptions and loyalties ought to be as open as could be expected under the circumstances. Why utilize a Theoretical Framework? A successful history paper ought to accomplish more than just report what occurred before. A successful history paper ought to likewise give some examination. Utilizing a hypothetical system for your paper can help open up your investigation of past occasions by giving a specifi c arrangement of inquiries to pose, and a specific viewpoint to utilize while analyzing your theme. top of page What is a Theoretical Framework? Hypothetical systems give a specific point of view, or focal point, through which to xamine a topic.Theoretical structures as a rule originate from different controls â€, for example, financial matters, the sociologies, and human studies †and are utilized by history specialists to uncover new elements of their subject. There is no correct hypothetical system to utilize while analyzing your point since each subject can be taken a gander at from various alternate points of view. For instance, an exposition on subjugation in the American south could be analyzed from a social point of view †the relations between slaves, or among slaves and experts †yet in addition from a monetary viewpoint, a political erspective, or a social viewpoint Just to name a few.Theoretical systems, be that as it may, are much more explicit than these expansive subject methodologies. Hypothetical structures are explicit speculations about parts of human presence, for example, the working of legislative issues, the economy, and human relations. These hypotheses would then be able to be applied to the investigation of real occasions. While it isn't important to utilize a hypothetical structure to look at your subject, it can assist with concentrating your article on a particular part of your point and can coordinate your examination of that theme, offering sudden bits of knowledge into the past. operation of page Examples ot Theoretical Frameworks There is no limited rundown of hypothetical systems one can apply to a theme. In any case, there are a few hypothetical systems that have been utilized all the more frequently by antiquarians, shaping ways of thinking and shared ways to deal with authentic topic, for example, marxism, patriotism, post-imperialism, and post-innovation, Just to give some examples. Note that these classific ations are liquid, and a considerable lot of the speculations can be grouped under more than one school of thought.In expansion, numerous history specialists acquire hypothetical systems from different controls without effectively ssociating themselves with a specific way of thinking. The following are a few instances of hypothetical structures that have been embraced by history specialists in late decades. Marxism Many researchers utilize Marxist way of thinking and speculations to concentrate past occasions. One striking hypothesis is Italian scholar Antonio Gramsci's hypothesis of â€Å"cultural authority. † Gramsci recommended that people with significant influence keep up power by causing the cultural chain of command to appear â€Å"normal. † Gramsci's hypothesis has been utilized by numerous contemporary students of history to break down past events.For model, Robert Rydell has applied this hypothesis o the investigation of World's Fairs, suggesting that the tip top of society utilized World's Fairs to attempt to influence the majority into supporting a cultural request that seemed to profit everybody, except as a general rule profited principally the tip top. This is Just one case of a Marxist hypothesis being applied to the investigation of history. There are some more. Patriotism Scholars of patriotism concentrate how and why individuals have come to recognize themselves similar to a piece of a country, just as the effect of the ascent of patriotism in the last two centuries.Benedict Anderson, for instance, broadly alluded to countries as envisioned communities† since a country is a network where by far most of individuals will never really meet up close and personal or know one another, however in any case share a feeling of character dependent on nationality. Numerous history specialists have utilized Anderson's hypothesis to break down countries and patriotism verifiably, while others have tested Anderson's hypothesis on how co untries are made by inspecting the ascent of patriotism in a wide range of chronicled contexts.Post-imperialism Post-colonialists study the force relations and supremacist presumptions that made the provincial framework conceivable, just as the heritage of expansionism for both the pilgrims nd the colonized. Edward Said's hypothesis of â€Å"Orientalism† suggests that the West has made a mythologized variant of the East (or Orient) to fortify the distinction between the two, and the prevalence of the West over the East, along these lines legitimizing Western perspectives towards and treatment of those in the East.Historians utilize Said's hypothesis to look at past occasions, even those outside the severe geographic zone being considered in Said's unique hypothesis. Antiquarians look at how western nations mythologize and exoticize the â€Å"other† so as to strengthen and legitimize their situation of intensity. American student of history Erika Lee, for instance, util izes Said's hypothesis to inspect American mentalities (especially those of white American ladies) towards China and Japan in the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years as the United States was building up its â€Å"informal empire† in the area through bargains and trade.Literary Theory Historians have obtained productively from social and artistic scholars in late decades. One prominent model is Russian artistic scholar M kn il Bakhtin's hypothesis ot â€Å"carnivalesque. † For Bakhtin, the â€Å"carnivalesque† alluded to writing that allows an emporary reversal of the ordinary social progressive system. He thinks about these artistic creations to the medieval festival where for the span of the jubilee typical chains of importance of intensity were suspended, permitting members to deride and bu

Types of Essay Topics

Types of Essay TopicsThere are many types of essays and essay topics, so you might be a little confused as to what type of questions would be asked in a white tiger essay. Here is some information on the types of essay questions. First is factual. This kind of essay question asks questions like, 'Who was the first white tiger?'Factual essays are the most common essay topics and are almost always asked by admissions officers. If the statement is unclear or not fully understood, ask an adviser or check with your instructor or professor to clarify the question. Avoid answering factual essay questions without a course advisor present.The second type of essay questions ask about research. You can be asked about research subjects, examples of research, a specific example or method used, or a particular book or piece of writing that has served as inspiration for your work. A word of caution, though - do not mention the research when a reader is left with the impression that you are not fami liar with the topic.Formal writing may be the typical subject of an essay topic, but this can also be a challenging one. To help you write a formal essay, consider speaking to a professional literary agent, professor, or another professional who can offer advice and insight to write a formal essay. Write a letter of application about the topic of the essay, explaining your experiences in relation to the topic, and present a variety of interesting facts and perspectives about the topic.While essays of this nature are often asked by instructors, they can also be asked by students applying to college and university programs. Look around online, and you will find many colleges that will ask for a written essay for their application.The third type of essay questions asks about the student's participation in a larger culture or society. This type of essay topic is used when asking students about their personal experiences and views on various social issues. This can be a difficult essay t o write, as it is difficult to relate what you have experienced to a general societal perspective.The fourth type of essay questions is the kind of question that is asked before a class begins to let the student get into a routine of writing. During these types of sessions, a student can be questioned about how he or she has written in the past, and their most recent ideas, experiences, or discoveries.It is important to remember that the assignments you receive will come from a single student and a single adviser. If your adviser asks you to write about a new topic, it is important to clearly understand that you should not spend a lot of time thinking about it. The best way to proceed is to go ahead and ask the adviser for his or her opinion, as they will provide you with solid advice and recommendations on the topic.

Case Study Bored A Smartphone Application Essay

The SWOT presented is about a personal work: ‘Bored’, a smartphone application. The idea emerged during a conversation between childhood friends: Elliott, Yohan, Kim and myself. The application’s fundamental objective is to allow people to go to events, such as cinemas or gigs, but not alone. An application based on friendship and not about dating. Strengths - Opportunities The team is certainly small, but it will be to our advantage: we can readjust quickly. This strength will optimise one of our opportunities: releasing upgrades and providing new content. Indeed, we will be able to move, react and morph dynamically due to the efficient and united team. That same opportunity will be reinforced by our age range. The company members are between 20 years old and 25 years old: an appropriate age range to be active and aware of the new trends happening. We know what is ‘going on’ around us. Strengths - Threats An other strength to bare in mind is the cost of the application: free. This attractive costless characteristic is advantageous by reducing a substantial risk: not having enough users. Something ‘free’ attracts people, and people attract people. Undoubtedly, the success of the business will highly depends on it active user numbers. The more the app is used, the better it will work. On the other hand most of the apps on smartphones stores are free. Indeed, Flurry (2013) estimated that in 2013, 90% of the apps were free in the Apple Store, and thisShow MoreRelatedMobile Computing Is And Ever Developing Way Of Life1305 Words   |  6 Pagescomputers can usefully be divided into a number of categories. Firstly, many mobile computers are laptops -- or basically portable versions of desktop PCs, and usually based around the same type of hardware, and capable of running the same software applications. Since late 2011, some very thin, light laptops that meet certain Intel specifications have started to be branded as ultrabooks. A third, if sadly declining, category of mobile computer is the netbook. These are considerably smaller than mostRead MoreCell Phone Technology Essay2791 Words   |  12 Pagesthe mega pixel camera plays in our society along with the impact it has on our culture. The camera’s indispensable features are coupled with innovative cell phone applications that are designed to better meet our cultural needs. I will explain the significance of the cell phone mega pixel camera and the effects cell phone applications have on our quality of life a bit further into this paper. But first I will focus on how cell phones are affecting us culturally? We live in a society where multitaskingRead MoreSmart Phones Use Versus Face With Face Interaction2985 Words   |  12 Pages Smart Phone use versus Face-to-Face Interaction Justin Trapani Adelphi University Abstract: My proposed research study seeks to examine the rationale of smartphone usage in social contexts. Smartphone usage is a very prevalent occurrence in our present day. We live in a society that is overly consumed by technology and inevitably we have become dependent on it. This led us to wonder whether the use of smart-phones is a pathogenic method of conforming to social norms or simply anRead MoreThe Internet Is The Core Of A Technological Communication Revolution1848 Words   |  8 Pagesthe way the global public has chosen to use the site and application. Instagram can also be linked back to the theory of social construction, as Instagram was originally a calendar app and therefore Instagram directly developed as a result of the way in which the public was using it. Before the creation of the internet people in the workplace were only able to perform limited activities on computers, and other devices such as smartphones and tablets were not existent. Therefore computers were usedRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Branding And Branding Essay7914 Words   |  32 Pagestheir needs and wants so that the offering (brand) could satisfy their mutual aspirations. Branding can†¢ be used as a differentiation strategy when the product cannot be easily distinguished in terms of tangible features (which invariably happens in case of many services, durables etc.) or in products which are perceived as a commodity (e.g. cement, fertilizers, salt, potato chips etc.). Brand building†¢ is a conscious customer satisfaction orientation process. The brand owner tries to retain customersRead MoreBranding Strategies Of Samsung Mobile Essay10511 Words   |  43 Pagesme in future endeanors in the years to come LUV SURI DECLARATION I the undersigned solemnly declare that the Report of the Rroject Work entitled RBANDING STRATEGIES OF SAMSUNG MOBILE RHONES, is based my own work carried out during the course of my study under the supernision and guidance of Dr. Mitushi Singh I declare that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my Rroject Work. I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief the Rroject Report does not contain anyRead MoreCase Study: Traffic Guidance, Social Features Drive Waze Growth2724 Words   |  11 Pages20 million in July, 2012. Waze’s users has reached 30 million worldwide by Nov, 2012, which means that there are two million new subscribers every month all over the world [2]. Figure 1 describe this growth. The map service is one of the core application of the mobile terminal, and Google is one of the biggest map service supplier, based on the released data on Google 2011 TechCrunch Disrupt Conference[3], the number of active users of mobile terminals reached 200 million, accounting for 40% ofRead MoreStatement Of Goals And Timeline2388 Words   |  10 Pagesthey are very smooth. 5. What questions would you ask the audience to gain feedback? Do you now have a better understanding of mobile security after having read the paper? Was there too much information or was the information too granular? Were you bored? (This questions in particular because I find this topic really exciting but my readers might not.)â€Æ' WRTC 316 MOBILE SECURITY WHERE ARE WE TODAY? Lindsay Branton Prepared for Dr. Shelley Aley The purpose of this report is to identify whereRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Branding And Branding Essay10448 Words   |  42 Pagestheir needs and wants so that the offering (brand) could satisfy their mutual aspirations. Branding can†¢ be used as a differentiation strategy when the product cannot be easily distinguished in terms of tangible features (which invariably happens in case of many services, durables etc.) or in products which are perceived as a commodity (e.g. cement, fertilizers, salt, potato chips etc.). Brand building†¢ is a conscious customer satisfaction orientation process. The brand owner tries to retain customersRead MoreIssues in Business Management and Economics8619 Words   |  35 Pagesto an every day necessity for many people. This study therefore examined how the adoption of mobile phones has impacted in changing the behaviour and attitude of users. Kumasi Polytechnic was used as the study area. A total of 250 respondents were randomly selected for this study. Using indepedent sample t-test and a descriptive case study in which a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to analyze the data, the study finds positive evidence of positive influence in

Public And Private Universities Should Be Free For All...

â€Å"YOUR TUITION IS HOW MUCH!?† my father exclaimed in shock. His eyes bugged out of his head and he held the piece of paper away from him, as if it had assaulted him. I knew at that moment I wasn’t going to my dream college. â€Å"Maybe I can just put college off for a year?† I asked timidly. â€Å"No†, my father said firmly. â€Å"You need to go to college. Having a degree makes life easier, so you need to do it.† As I finished my first year at my second choice college, that statement my dad made bothered me. If college is so mandatory for success, why is it so difficult for middle and lower class individuals to receive this tool for success? In the near future, I firmly believe that public and private universities should be free for all students. Why even bother going to college if it’s so expensive? This is a question I have asked myself, more times than I’d like to admit. However, what my father said had a great deal of truth in it. College graduates are most likely to be hired over a non-college graduate, thus helping them earn more money in the long run. Not only is a college graduate more likely to earn more, the knowledge and information a student receives at college is invaluable. To top it off, college is also a great way to network. The people, staff and professors a graduate meet while at college could help with future jobs and business ventures. Everyone wants to be successful, and save for a few, college seems like the way to become successful. The logical rationale wouldShow MoreRelatedShould The Federal Government Should Allow Free College Tuition And The Effects And Consequences Of Doing900 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than ever, as a result of skyrocketing tuition cost. It causes students to take out massive loans which, at times, cannot be returned and therefore creating billions in debt for the United States. The idea that student loans are putting this country in massive debt motivates our government to consider granting free tuition for public college. Therefore, leading to this discussion on why the federal government should allow free college tuition and the effects and consequences of doing so. IntroducingRead MoreEssay988 Words   |  4 PagesAn acceptance letter from Harvard University is a fantasy for most aspiring scholars. Students who do receive such an opportunity, may learn that these offers of admission are all but permanent. During the spring of 2017, Harvard University exercised its admissions policies, by revoking the acceptances of ten students who were deemed unfit to join the class of 2021, due to inappropriate social media posts sent within a Facebook group chat. These meme posts made light of several controversial topicsRead MoreShould College Be Free College?1614 Words   |  7 Pagestuition and cost of living at public colleges and universities should be free. Free college has become one of the most talked about policy proposals on the campaign trail, but questions surround the policy, such as how it would work, how much it would cost and how it would affect students (Rhatican). Most colleges bundle their prices in terms of tuition and fees. In 1995, tuition for private colleges was around 14k, for Public out of state it was around 7k and for public in state it was around 2k.Read MoreFree College : Is An Overwhelming Issue Affecting Our Overall Economy1059 Words   |  5 PagesFree College† is an overwhelming issue affecting our overall economy in today’s time. But how does this affect me today as a high school senior? With college costing a fortune these days at an average of $9,139 for tuition, not including room and board, this puts a dilemma on the average American family making $55,000 per year. How is it feasible for a family to spend 2/5 of its income on the education of their child while still trying to afford their bills? It’s not. While many answer with studentRead MoreShould College Be Free College?848 Words   |  4 Pages Free College Why are not more people going to college? One obvious answer would be cost, especially the cost of tuition. But the problem is not just that college is expensive. It is also that going to college is complicated. Free college is not just about cultural and social, neither economic. It means navigating advanced courses, standardized tests, and forms. It means figuring out implicit rules-rules that can change. College graduates have higher employmentRead MoreThe Old European Derived Model Of The American University1528 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican university was not the center of liberal intellectual curiosity it has evolved to today, but rather a religious haven for students of wealthy families who attended in order to become clergymen. Though the religious presence at these institutions has largely diminished, the overwhelming presence of students of primarily wealthy backgrounds remains. Only recently have colleges, with little avail, attempted to reverse this trend. Non-profit col leges, including two year, four year public, and privateRead MoreVista University Strategic Planning For 20251713 Words   |  7 PagesBuena Vista University Strategic Planning for 2025 In this strategic plan, we are looking at today’s situation to help determine the future structure of Buena Vista University at the Council Bluffs location in 2025. The strategic plan consists of a vision and mission statement, SWOT analysis, strategy, and success metrics. Vision Statement â€Å"Our objective is to be in the top 10% of private colleges in financial strength and operational soundness by year 2025.† Mission Statement â€Å"Our purpose is toRead MoreHigher Education At State Colleges And Universities Should Be Free For All American Citizens1689 Words   |  7 PagesHigher education at state colleges and universities should be free for all American citizens. American citizens who attend State Colleges and Universities at no cost, will not solved all of the nation’s problems that we face today, but maybe a good start. Supplying our citizens with free higher education is one of the best investments that our nation can make; these students will become the next generation of leaders, engineers, doctors, intellects, musicians and artists. They will be equipped withRead MoreReview Of Related Literature On Public Schools937 Words   |  4 PagesReview of Related Literature Over the past 10 years the cost of private college has increased more than 60%, almost three times as much as incomes over the same period, and will cost $42,000 a year on average. The cost at public colleges has increased even more, nearly doubling to $21,000 for in-state students. By 2020 you re looking at a four-year bill that s likely to top $240,000 for private schools and $155,000 at public universities. Sure there s financial aid, but scholarships aren t keepingRead MoreThe United States Education System1731 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact the world. Students in our nation have a choice whether or not to attend prestigious higher-level institutions in order to educate themselves and prepare themselves for the job market. The U.S. has an outstanding reputation of educating students as well as making education available to everyone in the country. Whether it be a public university, private university or a for-profit institution, people can easily find a way to pursue their academ ic goals. However, many students graduate college

Essay On Social Security - 1655 Words

In the America society, we want to develop a system that our Americans can live a happy and comfortable life. That’s why America created a system called social security in 1935, this system is to help those who are older and have disabilities. (see staff.) Social security has three main part: first is the objective and comprehensive introduction to the American social security system; the second is the information authority, novel, the policies and data are from the US government and the legislature; third is the academic and practical combination of the US social security system Of the policy practice at the same time, through the appendix, glossary and reference literature and other means for the reader to provide a comparative study and†¦show more content†¦elderly legal retirement insurance with a mandatory, contribution and welfare, retirement and medical insurance fund has a normal source of channels, self-adjustment and self-adjustment. (see Myers. Pg. 173.) Th e pension income and support is in accordance with the current pay, balance of payments to determine the principle, according to the population aging forecast, the need for retirement expenses, and constantly adjust the insurance tax rate, through self-adjustment to achieve self-circulation normal operation purpose. (see Findlaw.) Social Insurance Social insurance is a form of compensation under government control for elderly, disable, or unemployed people. The program is only for people who meet certain requirement, they typically include a chain of work from doctors and hospitals that is under the service of health care. (see Business dictionary.) These providers are selected by the government to work with and do the service. Medicaid, Medicare, and unemployment compensation are all includes in the social insurance programs. The development of insurance companies operating a voluntary insurance pension insurance, absorb idle funds to enhance economic strength, to prepare for the aging population. (see Williamson. Pg. 101.) Some life insurance companies in the United States, in addition to operating life insurance, property insurance, death insurance, but alsoShow MoreRelatedSocial Security Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Security has been around since 1935 and for generations many Americans have dep ended on these programs for retirement or in the event of permanent disability. Recent news articles lead Americans to believe that Social Security is in financial trouble that the taxes it depends upon to finance the programs for retirement, disability, and medical care soon will not be enough (Huffington post,2010). In part because of the large numbers of people reaching retirement age, this has left a large numberRead MoreEssay on Social Security1184 Words   |  5 Pages Social Security nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Security is a public program designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, sickness, disability, death, or unemployment. In the United States, the word social security refers to the programs established in 1935 under the Social Security Act. Societies throughout history have devised ways to support people who cannot support themselves. In 1937 the government began issuing Social Security identification cardsRead More social security Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages In reading the book â€Å"Social Security and the Family† I learned a lot about the system that I had no idea about before. The book was fact filled and almost fun to read the need to know information. I gained much knowledge in the specifics of why the social security system is in need of reform, and why it will be inadequate in the years to come. One of the reasons our social security system isn’t working is because, â€Å"Social Security was modeled on the single-earner, married-couple family† (1). TimesRead More Social Security Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages Title of Paper : Social Security Social security, created in 1935, is the most costly item in the federal budget. The program provides old age, survivors’ and disability insurance to a healthy portion of Americans. Workers and their employers fund the system by each paying payroll taxes. The Internal Revenue Service collects the taxes and deposits the money in government-administrated accounts known as the Old Age and Survivors and Disability Insurance Trust Funds(OASDI). The payroll tax revenuesRead MoreEssay on Social Security782 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security The purpose of this paper is to analyze social security so as to show the reader what makes it beneficial to us today. . Throughout my life the words social and security have meant little more to me than the representation of a small blue card in my wallet, a consistent and increasingly significant deduction of funds from my weekly pay-check, and a vague academically-instilled recollection of the potential for long-term future benefit. In fact, it was not until I researchedRead More Social Security Essay2224 Words   |  9 Pages SOCIAL SECURITY nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The purpose of Social Security is to provide for the material needs of individuals and families, to protect aged and disabled persons against the expenses of illnesses that may otherwise use up their savings; to keep families together; and to give children the chance to grow up healthy and secure. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As I write this term paper, I will discuss the following topics, related to Social Security: 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ARead MoreEssay on Social Security Reform1958 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Security Reform   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not difficult to understand why Social Security is our country’s most popular government program. Prior to its inception in the 1930’s, more than half the nation’s elderly lived in poverty. The program was designed as a social (old-age) insurance plan which provides a guaranteed income to retired and disabled workers whose loss of wages promises an uncertain economic future. I emphasize the word guaranteed, as this is the issue in contention when consideringRead MoreSocial Security Act Essay950 Words   |  4 Pages It is about eighty two years since Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Social Security Act. FDR stated â€Å"We can never insure one hundred percent of the population against one hundred percent of the hazards and vicissitudes of life...we have tried to frame a law which will give some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty-ridden old age.† The social secu rity plan had established itself as one of the most popular federal program. The programRead MoreSocial Security Act Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesThe Social Security Act of 1935, signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, created a program that included social insurance programs, as well as public assistance. Both programs came about due to the depression and were created as part of the New Deal to benefit the citizens who needed assistance. While both programs were created to assist the public, each program had different eligibility requirements and accomplished different tasks. Social insurance programs were designed to provide continuing incomeRead MoreEssay about Social Security999 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security On a daily basis senior citizens face a choice between buying food, paying the rent, or buying medicine. Senior citizens slice pills into halves because they cant afford their full prescriptions. (Federal News Service Sept. 2002) Social Security is what keeps many elderly and disabled Americans from being stricken by poverty. Without Social Security in our society 15.3 million elderly would have incomes below the poverty line, however

Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay Research Paper Gabriel free essay sample

Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay, Research Paper Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a novelist, short narrative author, journalist, critic, and film writer, has had international acknowledgment for many old ages. He is included among the group of South American authors who rose to prominence during the sixtiess, a clip frequently referred to as the? roar? of Latin American Literature. In his short narratives and novels, Leaf Storm, One Hundred Old ages of Solitude, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, and The Fall of the Patriarch, he utilizes his background, and personal experiences, which makes his novels so popular. Garcia Marquez was born in Aracataca, Colombia, on March 6, 1928. He lived with his grandparents for the first eight old ages of his life. The storytelling of his grandma and the myths and superstitious notions of the townsfolk all played major functions in determining his imaginativeness. He enrolled in the University of Bogota in 1947 to analyze jurisprudence, but when it was shut down in 1948 he transferred to the University of Cartagna, working as a journalist for the newspaper El Universal. We will write a custom essay sample on Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay Research Paper Gabriel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Giving himself to news media, he ended his jurisprudence surveies in 1950 and 2 moved to Barranquilla to work for the day-to-day paper El Heraldo. He so began to compose short narratives that were published in regional periodicals, and shortly after became acquainted with the plants of writers such as Franz Kafa, William Faulker, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Populating with his grandparents had a large consequence on his ulterior old ages and in his novels, particularly the house in which they lived. Marquez remembers his grandparents? house as a brooding topographic point of the dead, instead than the life. In that house there was an empty room where his aunt Petra and uncle Lazarus had died. He said? My grandparents would sit me down, at six in the eventide, in a corner, and say to me? Don? t move from here, because, if you do, Aunt Petra, who is in her room tungsten sick come or. . . ` I ever stayed sitting? ( Minta 34 ) . In the same mode, his first novel, Leaf Storm, featured a small male child as a character that through the whole novel sat in a little chair. 3 History of a Death Foretold, trades with an episode from Garcia Marquez yesteryear, and trades with the slaying of a friend in Sucre in 1958 ( Gabriel 23 ) . It tells about the? codifications that work forces enforce on adult females, and adult females on themselves ; the funny impressions of award that can rule an isolated community ; the resistless impulse toward force ; and the psychological science of mass complicity? ( Marquez 1 ) . Garcia Marquez manner of authorship is what some call? charming? ( Gabriel 3 19 ) . His plants are normally attributed to his inventive blending of history, political relations, societal pragmatism, and phantasy. He frequently makes usage of techniques of thaumaturgy pragmatism in his plants with descriptive events and world which, he implies, ? define homo being? ( Gabriel 3 1 ) . One illustration of that is in One Hundred Old ages of Solitude a babe is born with a? hogs tail? ( Gabriel 1 69 ) . His usual enthusiastic critical response is largely because of this. In decision, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, makes a large feeling in peoples ideas. He is a novelist who uses personal tests and trials and blend them with phantasy to do everyone of his books more interesting. For these grounds the critics praise him and he remains popular. Bibliography ? Gabriel Garcia Marquez. ? Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. ? Gabriel Garcia Marquez. ? The Groiler Library of International Biographies. New York: The Philip Leif Group Inc, 1996. ? Gabriel Garcia Marquez. ? Detecting Writers Faculties. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996. Marquez, Gabriel Garcia. Chronicle of A Death Foretold. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1982. Minta, Stephen. Garcia Marquez: Writer of Columbia. New York: Harper and Row, 1987.

Just War Theory an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Just War Theory For if a group defined by the chance of birth is persecuted, it is as though its members had not been born into the human race at all Richard Vernon Need essay sample on "Just War Theory" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The overall thesis of the article, What is Crime against Humanity, is basically analyzing the concepts of the crimes against humanity that are incorporated into international law. The article brings up questions applicable in the consideration of determining or dividing what would be considered a Just War versus that of an Unjust War. People Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Professional writers advise: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic Success Please Help Me Write An Essay College Papers Online Pay People To Write Papers Essay Writing Services In developing the arguments used in this article, Vernon brings in examples from St. Augustine, the scale of wrongness as it applies to pirates at sea, along with numerous text references on the Just versus Unjust War debate. The author explains the moral differences of separation of enemies of a race or ethnicity, versus the separation of enemies of the human race or humanity. The author does consider a variety of ethical theoretical considerations and principles of the Just War debate in his writing. Vernon writes regarding the ethical justification of war while dissecting some justifications as to their individual strengths and weaknesses. The author discusses the concept of how much if any premeditation would need to be involved in setting the correctness of the Just War act on the right or wrong side of being just (Vernon, 2002, p.245). Oftentimes throughout the article I feel more questions are fed to the reader while sometimes complicating the learning process of this already complicated subject. For example, when presenting the expression crime against humanity, the author brings up that the triteness of such an expression as crimes against humanity could as well describe child abuse, or the cruel treatment of animals, or callous reductions of welfare payments to the chronically poor (Vernon, 2002, p.237). Later when providing information in regards to quantifying evil, the author begins discussing comparisons: How should we set out to compare the evil done by the Holocaust, by African slavery, and by the (near-) extermination of aboriginals in North America? If we employ a body count, then African slavery killed more people than the other two did. If we are looking at the proportion of the target group killed, then the aboriginal case is the worst. If we are looking at rates of killing per day, one might interject, the Rwanda genocide outclasses all three. If we were looking at the degree to which victims were compelled to collaborate in their own destruction (Vernon, 2002, p.238). I believe Vernon often purposely poses more questions than answers in this article. I know this can be used to motivate readers to educate themselves while forming their individual opinions on any particular subject. However, I have to say that at the current non-expert level of knowledge I have of this particular subject, I would often find this to be more confusing than helpful. By the way, the above was probably only one half of the paragraph of questions the author included in just this one area. The author did include a variety of ethical theoretical interpretations while occasionally including his own understandings along with these. For example, Vernon discussed St. Augustines beliefs in regards to horrific state acts while relating some of the information to Roman political life. Vernon divided and discussed the various categories of humanitarian crimes. In general, in one way or another, I feel the author provided empirical evidence that can pertain to the just-war debate. Through bringing in examples of others perspectives, observations and experiences, the area of empirical evidence was pretty well covered. The great majority of the evidence was borrowed from texts on this subject. For example, Vernon often quoted from The Contract of Mutual Indifference, a book written by Norman Geras (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The work attempts to present an understanding of atrocities as they relate to international and national policies and politics. One of the thoughts the author deliberates is how neither state responsibility nor community responsibility provide adequate protection for its people. One quote he included in regards to WWII was that People went to their deaths at Auschwitz or Treblinka, notwithstanding that there were some others who cared about them (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The author brings in what might be considered the larger pieces along with the less obvious evidence in discussing the Just-war debate. Vernon touches on the humanity-as-victim thesis which was introduced at Nuremberg by the French prosecuting attorney. In discussing this, the author brings up the difference of the immorality of eliminating certain races along with the different immorality of refusing to share the earth with a certain people. (I tend to see them as probably the same). Here again there were questions that one might leave more perplexed than illuminated. The question was asked, Why would humanity be devoid of meaning in the absence of diversity? (Vernon, 2002, p.240). I feel the author reaffirms the complexity of the subject, helping the reader to understand why there are so many misunderstandings and differences in opinions in the area of crimes against humanity and the debate of Just War. Vernon was successful in focusing on many important themes in the Just War debate. In fact, sometimes I felt the themes went all over the board and could have been more focused. One of the weaknesses of the article in my opinion is that the author is attempting to analyze a complex issue, and in my opinion, Vernon makes the issue even more complex rather than unraveling or solving anything through his 18 page analysis. The article was written in a very academic style. This isnt necessarily a negative in and of itself but it can limit ones potential audience of this subject who are in their earlier stages of learning the subject than he is in discussing it. I found the strengths of the article to be when the author would bring in information from outside sources. For example, because I have some personal interests in real pirates, I found the part of the article interesting when he discussed piracy precedents and how pirates should not go unpunished simply because they operated at sea (Vernon, 2002, p.235). The material is convincing in my opinion mostly due to the outside resources Vernon used in tying up the bigger picture of the Just-war subject. A new resource is used each time he brings up a different aspect of Just and Unjust War thus providing the reader reinforced explanations for the subject. However, I do feel that the author possibly tried to cover too broad a wingspan of information here. I know as a reader I could see this information being separated and represented in even as few as three complete readings or even more by focusing on one angle at a time presented in this reading. In the end, after having read all of the information in the article, What is Crime against Humanity, I feel that the great dichotomy or oxymoron found inherently within attempting to of combine humaneness with that of war have in themselves created a confusion that neither logic nor discussion can unravel easily if at all. As for this particular piece on the subject, I honestly have to say for the most part it left me more perplexed on the subject. References Vernon, R. (2002). What is Crime against Humanity. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10:3, 231-249

Management and Leadership Paper

Management and Leadership Paper Free Online Research Papers Strong organizations have strong leaders and managers. The utilization of organizational functions to meet business needs does not change between organizations; however, the way each function is carried out differs depending on the size and services of the establishment. In this paper, the differences between management and leaders, as well as the roles and responsibilities of leaders in the workplace are discussed. Definition There are many differences between managers and leaders. For example, leaders cope with change, while managers cope with difficult situations. Successful managers must posses many assets, one of which is leadership. The main purpose of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. In order to achieve this, managers must undertake the four functions of management: organization, planning, directing and controlling. One important part of directing is leadership. A manager must be more than a leader; he needs to have formal authority in order to be effective. â€Å"For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model.† (Predpall, 1994) It is true that in some situations, single leadership is not necessary. Self-motivated groups may find leaders dominating rather than a single leader. During my last class at the University of Phoenix, there were three members, including myself in my learning team. While creating the team charter, we decided not to have any one person take on the role of the designated leader for the group. Other learning teams had rotating leadership roles where each member took turns being leader for the week. Although this could have merits, many teams faced the problem of having poor leadership some weeks, which resulted in members waiting for direction or miscommunication. This is because leadership is an asset, not a requirement. In my learning team, each member honestly voiced what he/she could do to contribute to the task at hand. We were fortunate not to run into any problems. I had great team members, each possessing different strengths and weaknesses. I realize that in a differen t situation, this may not always prove positive; however, for my learning team, the lack of single leadership proved to encourage and motivate each member to do a little more. According to Richard Pascale, â€Å"Managers do things right, while leaders do the right thing.† In other words, managers do things according to established ways, while leaders follow their instinct, which may prove to benefit their organization. Leaders are more emotional than managers. Leaders have the power to motivate people, while managers control and problem-solve. Managers have the ability to bring order and stability in the workplace. They have the authority to make things happen by using rewards and punishments, or by pulling rank. Leaders, on the other hand, influence people. Influence stems from trust. In simpler terms, people have no choice but to follow managers; however, people choose to follow leaders. Roles and Responsibilities There are several roles and responsibilities a leader has in creating a healthy organizational culture. One is to be proficient in the job. A leader needs to be able to combine the competencies of him/herself with the competencies of the other people to make a smooth functioning team. Leaders should start working earlier, stay later and work harder than the rest of the team. This is because a leader is completely responsible for the achievements and failures of the overall goal. Good leaders are able to put themselves out in front and support their people in all situations. Leaders lead continuously. Although I have no personal experience in the managerial aspect of work, my definition of management is getting the task at hand completed in an efficient and effect manner not only through, but also with other people. I believe managers should have a developed science for each aspect of an individual’s work, and should be capable of selecting training and developing members of his team. This does not mean that management is an autocracy. Managers need to be able to cooperate with and understand his/her staff. Communication is also key in management. Without effective communication skills, managers are not able to convey ideas and key points. Miscommunication can lead to stress and frustration. In my personal experience, I have seen many times where bad communication lead not only to workplace stress, but to people leaving the organization. It is unfortunate that many managers lack leadership qualities. Conclusion Some people have the potential of being great managers, but lack being a strong leader. Leadership and management are techniques of organizing people. While a manager uses a more formal and established method, a leader uses charisma and passion to stir emotions. Research Papers on Management and Leadership PaperThe Project Managment Office SystemBringing Democracy to AfricaResearch Process Part OneQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paperAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile Research Paper

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market - Research Paper Example This essay "Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market" outlines different tools of advertisement that the BMW and Audi use and their effectiveness.Television has been used a medium of advertisement since its inception. This has been due to the fact that it can reach mass audience quickly. It also offers numerous advantages by offering very powerful impact of the message it carries to numerous audience. This convenience and flexibility is due to the widespread popularity and ease with which it reaches millions of viewers internationally and nationally. With the audio and visual effects television provides and creates a lasting impact of the product being marketed (Philip, 90). With the interaction of color, drama, sight, sound, and motion it ensures that the message conveyed is persuasive and strong. Addition of some tactics and props could also enhance its impact. The Audi and BMW automobiles utilized this form of m arketing due to its impact. In its marketing through television BMW was able to introduce its very own youtube page known as the BMW TV. This site is used to display numerous BMW television ads and driving and racing videos of all the models created by the company. The Audi automobile in contrast focused in film sponsorship so that it could reach out to the television audience focusing around numerous movies (Jean, 24). The movie â€Å"Iron Man 2† had several product placements of the numerous Audi models which included the Audi A8 and R8 Spyder. iii. Complain Generally, both Audi and BMW could have had innovative and different marketing strategies in promoting their brand, through the use of film and youtube pages as forms of television advertising and product placement (Simon, 63). Both strategies seem to have been effective for both companies in reaching out to their greater customer bases and potentially increased their company sales. iv. Results The BMW TV marketing strategy for BMW has been very effective as youtube is one of the most popular social networking website and has allowed the company to reach out to numerous consumers. Through the creation of the unique youtube page it has helped the company have a very strong brand identity in the customer’s perspective. Audi choice of using movies to reach to their television audience was a good strategy. Through the marketing of the cars on film, consumer choices could be affected as the consumers could be persuaded to buy the car brands since the celebrities in t he movies could be seen to own one of their own. This is an effective and efficient

Andrew Jackson was called the People's President Essay

Andrew Jackson was called the People's President - Essay Example Jackson is by no means an easy person to understand and was a man of complexity and contradiction. He was considered both a true patriot and a traitor. Contradictions raged in every aspect of his life, although he was an eloquent writer, he could not spell and had poor sentence composition. While he was an excellent general, he knew little about war and while he had a strong passion for discipline, he had no hesitation when it came to disobeying his own superiors . Consequently, concise definitions of his character are difficult to obtain, with many different, often opposite personality traits being attributed to him. It is likely that this complexity in personality drove many of the political decisions he made. One personality trait however that is not ambiguous is that he was a strong and decisive man, making his own decisions rather than letting other people influence him. For example, on his death Jackson commented on having only two regrets One way in which Jackson worked strong ly for the people was through the struggle for the National Bank. Jackson worked hard to rescind the charter of the federal bank, believing that the bank allowed for too much control to be placed in the hands of the elites, created the potential for the government to be controlled offshore interests as well as serving only to make the rich richer and having little benefit for the poor. In this venture, Jackson was indeed fighting for the rights of the people. However, one cannot consider that Jackson was always the ‘People’s President’ or that if he was, then it depends on which people are being referred to. Certainly, the Native Americans suffered significantly during his terms as President. One of the first actions that Jackson made as President was the creation of the Removal Act, which was passed in 1830. This act gave the legal ability for the forcible removal of Native Americans from much of their land east of the Mississippi River, relocating them to an al ternative territory to the west. Even prior to his presidency, the idea of obtaining Native American land was a focus for Jackson. As a politician, Jackson mostly represented the economic interests of the South, and consequently had a large involvement in the process of Native American removal . This act is often considered an abuse of power, as it drove the Native Americans from the land of their heritage where they had strong spiritual ties. In addition, the move went directly against promises that had been made to the Native Americans in the past . Another important issue that occurred during the time of Jackson’s presidency was that of the Nullification Crisis. High tariffs were in place on many manufactured goods imported from Europe. This significantly raised the price of these goods, which had an overwhelming negative effect on planters in the South. Critics argued that the tariffs cost the southern farmers, while providing significant benefits to industrialists in the north. Jackson had built his early political history on supporting the southern economy and was reported to be sympathetic towards the south. Nevertheless, he chose to instead support the laws of the Union, attempting to pass a Force Bill, which would enable him to use

Thomas Eakins & Miss Amelia Van Buren Essay Example for Free

Thomas Eakins Miss Amelia Van Buren Essay The current project will analyze the oil canvas titled ‘Miss Amelia Van Buren’ that was created by a well-known USA painter and portraitist Thomas Eakins in 1891. The portrait is part of a series titled â€Å"Women in Pink† and belongs to the masterpieces of American Realism. The aim of the paper is to discuss the style and subject matter of this artwork as an integral part of the artist’s creative ancestry and within a broad historical framework. Eakins’s production was often rejected by contemporaries. This fact proves that any piece of artistry expresses different meanings for patrons and art audiences as well as for the artist himself. These competing implication will be assessed throughout the paper. Thomas Eakins: Brief Biography The reputation of Thomas Eakins (1844–1916) as an outstanding representative of the American school of realism in painting, photography, sculpture, and fine arts education was established only a few decades upon his death. Eakins was born in Philadelphia, where, watching his father, a writing master and calligraphy teacher, at duty, by twelve he has acquired profound skills in drawing, perspective planning, employing a grid to produce an accurate design. Thomas was graduated from Central High School, the first-class public school for applied science and arts, and entered the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1861 to refine the knowledge of drawing and anatomy. The latter realm interested Eakins to such an extent that in 1864-1865 he started diligently attending courses in anatomy and dissection at Jefferson Medical College. In 1866, the young man joined the studio of Jean-Leon Gerome, a prominent Orieintalist painter, at the Paris School of Arts. The American student also frequented into the atelier of Leon Bonnat who put forward anatomical preciseness as a cornerstone of Realism. Upon the four-year period of studying abroad, Eakins returned back to the native city. His first portrayals of rowers (e. g. , ‘Single Scull’ or ‘The Champion Single Sculling,’ 1871; a series of eleven oils and watercolors altogether) stirred attention within Philadelphians due to their innovative treatment of a dynamically moving human body portrayed outdoors. In parallel with inquiring into the sports themes, the young artist created a range of domestic Victorian interiors (e. g. , ‘Home Scene,’ 1871; ‘Elizabeth at the Piano,’ 1875; ‘The Chess Players,’ 1876; ‘Elizabeth Crowell and her Dog. ’ 1874). The first large scale portrait ‘Kathrin’ was made in 1872. In 1876, Eakins commenced his teaching career at the Pennsylvania Academy – first as a volunteer teacher, then as a salaried professor (since 1878), and finally as director (1882-1886). Upon the scandalous resignation consequently to original methods of teaching, Eakins lectured at many art schools, including the Art Students League of Philadelphia, the Art Students League of New York, the National Academy of Design, Cooper Union, and the Art Students Guild in Washington, D. C. , until the withdrawal from teaching in 1898. Eakins was not only a talented painter, but also a gifted photographer. His acquaintance with camerawork took place during his European studies and continued thereupon, when the artist learnt about the photographic motion research of Eadweard Muybridge and started his own experiments in the field. Many well-known canvases of Eakins were created relying on photographs to better understand the dynamics of body movements and increase the awareness of perspective (e. g. , ‘Mending the Net,’ 1881; ‘Arcadia. ’ 1883). In 1883, the artist started shooting the so-called ‘Naked Series,’ nude photographic depictions of students and professional models that revealed human anatomy from certain angles. About eight hundred photographs are thought to belong to Eakins and his followers. The fame of Eakins as a prominent representative of American Realism heavily relies on his portraits. Several hundred canvases depicted representatives of the local Philadelphian Bohemia, scientists, and medical workers (e. g. , ‘The Gross Clinic,’ 1875; ‘The Portrait of Dr. John Brinton,’ 1876; ‘The Agnew Clinic,’ 1889; ‘The Deans Roll Call,’ 1899; ‘The Concert Singer,’ 1890-92; ‘The Portrait of Maud Cook,’ 1895; ‘Antiquated Music,’ 1900; ‘The Portrait of Professor Leslie W. Miller,’ 1901) in their professional environment. On the reason of intense anatomic realism and the artist’s notoriety upon dismissal from the Pennsylvania Academy, Eakins’ portraits were often rejected by the sitters or their relatives. Therefore, the artists invited his relatives and friends (e. g. , ‘The Portrait of Walt Whitman,’ 1887-1888) to act as models. In the 1880s and 1990s, the artist created his finest examples of figure studies (e. g. , ‘The Swimming Hole,’ 1884-5; ‘Between Rounds,’ 1899; ‘Salutat,’ 1898). The portraits created by Eakins in the early 20th century captured the local Catholic clergymen (e. g. , ‘The Portrait of His Eminence Sebastiano Cardinal Martinelli,’ 1902; ‘The Portrait of Archbishop William Henry Elder,’ 1903; ‘The Portrait of Monsignor James P. Turner,’ ca. 1906). In the late period of life Eakins started enjoying recognition. In 1902, he was granted the title of a National Academician. Two years before death, in 1914, the artist sold a portrait study of D. Hayes Agnew for The Agnew Clinic to Dr. Albert C. Barnes for four thousand dollars. In 1917-18, Eakins’ works were exhibited at the memorial retrospectives at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Pennsylvania Academy. Upon the death of Susan Macdowell Eakins, the artist’s wife, the major part of Eakins’ creative ancestry was purchased by Joseph Hirshhorn, and now is stored at the Hirshhorn Museums collection. Eakins house in North Philadelphia was included to the National Register of Historic Places list in 1966. In 2006, a group of sponsors paid $68,000,000 to keep ‘The Gross Clinic’ in Philadelphia, while previously it was planned to sell the canvas to the museums located in other cities, ‘Miss Amelia Van Buren’ (1891) Miss Amelia Van Buren (c. 1856-1942) was Eakins’s student and the friend of his family. This gifted painter and photographer participated in an episode that indirectly initiated resignation of the master from the post of director at the Pennsylvania Academy. One day, a young female asked the teacher to explain the anatomical function of the pelvis. At his lessons, Eakins exercised bold methods and stirred the differences between male and female students by exposing nude models of both sexes in the class where both men and women were present. Putting anatomy of a human body to the foreground, professor encouraged his followers not to afraid the Victorian model and bravely approach the secrets of physiology. Therefore, Eakins invited Van Buren to his studio and provided the requested instruction. The painter described the episode as follows: â€Å"There stripping myself, I gave her the explanation as I could not have done by words only. † Later on, Eakins’s behavior made the evil-wishers accuse him of sexual harassment and inappropriate methods of teaching. The painter responded with dignity, yet showing no signs of regret or shame: â€Å"There was not the slightest embarrassment or cause for embarrassment on her part or mine. I think indeed [Van Buren] might have been embarrassed, if I had picked up a man on the street and endeavored to persuade him to undress before the lady for a quarter. † Eakins often used his students as models for his works and saw nothing undignified in exchanging professional secrets with the members of his circle regardless of their sex. Van Buren was also publicly accused of posing nude in front in the painter. That fact aroused many rumors and negatively affected the womans reputation that could seriously spoil her social activity in those prudent times. Werbel has stressed that Amelia Van Buren altogether with Elizabeth Macdowell, Eakins’ future wife Susan, Cecilia Beaux, Alice Barber Stephens, and other female students of the Pennsylvania Academy belonged to the circle of the so-called â€Å"New Women. † They shared Eakins’ opinion concerning equal rights of men and women for education and social activity. Those females were talented artists and actively participated in the cultural life of Philadelphia. Feeling at ease with their own principles and encouraged by the master, to whom they deeply trusted, those New Women were not afraid of public hypocritical scorn. To return back to the oil canvas, it provides us with attentive, unflattering, and surgically sharp vision of a young woman, sitting near the window. Her figure is softly glowing in the daylight, while the background remains deem and dark. Salcman made an almost poetic description of the portrait’s details. A woman in her twenties sits in the armchair, as if she has suffered through a hard day and now is having an unexpected break. The model is so absorbed into her thoughts that even the atmosphere around her is pregnant with some intensive, yet joyless mental activity. The gaze of a spectator is initially attracted to Miss Van Buren’s Victorian pink dress with a standard for that time fluffy crinoline. The pink color of the upper gown that reminds of slightly dewed rose petals harmonizes with the soft, milky tint of the crinoline apron. Multiple folds on the skirt that underline the pensive, slightly tired pose of the woman, mask the body. Eyes that are literally lost in this whirl of light cloth approach the face of the model only upon spending some time on looking at minor details. The latter are the half-opened fan, lying on a thigh of the figure, and a narrow and elegant hand that is shadowed by the arm of the armchair. The rosy pale face of Miss Van Buren sharply contrasts with her gray hair that makes her look, as if she is in the late thirties or even forties. Salcman has noted that the artist is far from flattering his muse. The head of the woman rests on the left loosely fisted hand with its left temple and turned towards the light, away from spectators. The pose signifying uneasy feelings arouses hot arguments among the researchers. Salcman observed â€Å"regret,† â€Å"disappointment,† and â€Å"a loss of possibilities† in the expression of Amelia’s face as shown in the tight lips and lowered eyes that are thoughtfully gazing into the window. Kirkpatrick has noted that the model looks â€Å"unhappily lost in thought, trapped and vulnerable as a caged bird. † It is evident that each art critic tried to impose his or her own understanding of human facial mimics or the inner world of the artist. On the point, a very important observation was delivered by Henry Adams who analyzed the works of Eakins in parallel with peripetias of the artist’s life. The researcher stressed that the master â€Å"was not simply recording faces, but also exploring something about his own mental condition. † In 1891, when the portrait of Miss Van Buren was made, Eakins could not still re-discover the inner equilibrium upon the scandalous resignation from the Pennsylvania Academy. Teaching was one of the favorite activities for the master, where he could freely communicate with young like-minded people and test his innovative ideas in painting and photography. At that period, Eakins lectured at the Art Students League of Philadelphia, but the institution was about to dissolve, which happened the following year upon execution of the portrait. The painter’s canvases were constantly rejected by critics and exhibitioners, so it was rather the 47-year-old master than his model had reasons to look gloomy and caged. It really seems that both spectators and critics tend to apply their own emotions onto the canvas, while forgetting about the broader context for the artwork. Amelia Van Buren left no memoirs about the implications for her suspected depression at that period. She truly admired Eakins both as a professional and a teacher, being not afraid of exposing her soul in front of the artist’s intent eyes. Van Buren was a rare exception so far as many people, whom the painter asked to sit for their portraits, declined the invitation. As one of Eakins’ contemporaries explained, â€Å"He would bring out all those traits of my character I have been trying to conceal from the public for years. † It speaks on the fact that the master intended to excavate, so to say, the inner deposits of ideas and emotions that common members of the Victorian society were scared to reveal. The fear of self-exposure was not the case of Miss Van Buren. She agreed to sell the portrait only in 1927. Her letter to an exhibitioner who proposed to purchase the masterpiece of American Realist school contains the following lines: I accept your offer and while I shall miss the picture I shall like to think of it in your gallery where I hope to see it sometime soon. Mr. Eakins’ friends have always been sure that his work would be appreciated in time. The portrait of Miss Amelia Van Buren is now stored in the Phillips Collection, Washington, D. C. , and arouses a combination of stress under the burden of intense emotions depicted and admiration at the mastery of Eakins in showing the secret depths of human souls. Women in Pink Relying on Eakins’ memoirs, Adams has stressed that the theme of females clad in the pink gamut has been explored by the painter for almost two decades. Some well-known canvases from this series include Miss Amelia Van Buren (1891), The Concert Singer (1890-92, Philadelphia Museum of Art), ‘The Portrait of Maud Cook (1895, Yale University Art Gallery. ), and The Actress (1903, Philadelphia Museum of Art). These artworks should be examined both separately and within a group to understand the state of the artist and the dynamics of his creative potential. The 1890s was an extremely hard period for Eakins who was vulnerable to the complications of life and public reactions as every great man of arts. As it has been mentioned earlier, his teaching career collapsed, partly on the cause of his own provocative behavior and remarks. Upon the initial period of recognition among the critics and gallery owners shortly upon coming back from Europe, the master experienced challenges in regards to both selling his works to make for living and to establishing stable relationships with relatives and the broader public. Adams treats the series of female portraits that were executed in the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s as manifestation of depressive feelings and unsettled creative quests. The portrait of Van Buren demonstrates a perfect harmony between the complex inner state of the painter and the concealed disharmony of the model who suffered from emotional illness. The slumped pose of the model, the eyes diverted from spectators, the sharp contrast between the warm pink-milky gamut of the figure in the foreground and the rich, brown and mahogany color of the background – all these feature the mood of tension that abruptly mutilates into the deep exhaustion. The depiction of a â€Å"small woman with a large brooding spirit† is the first step on the ladder of self-discovery for the painter, and the next is The Concert Singer. The model for the portrait – a famous opera performer Weda Cook – started sitting or better say standing for Eakins in 1890. Cook debuted at the Pennsylvanian Academy of Music when she was only sixteen years old, and since then often pleased the demanding Philadelphian public. The painter depicted his model as dressed in a radiant pink dress, singing on the stage. It should be stressed here that Eakins was particularly accurate in depicting the specifics of his model’s profession or emotional state. He asked Weda Cook to sing â€Å"O Rest in the Lord† from Mendelssohn’s Elijah to convey intensity of her artistic manner and carved the opening notes of the musical piece on the frame. Another interesting detail is that for the sake of better rendering of body, Eakins asked the model to undress to her underwear. Cook strongly opposed the idea but finally gave up and agreed. There is a similarity between the two portraits of Van Buren and Cook in regards to the pyramidal composition, but the general gamut and mood of the canvases contrast each other. While the choice of colors for Van Burens depiction aims to reveal the models delicacy, fragility, even exhaustion, the gamut for Cooks portrayal manifests a greater extent of energy and self-assuredness. Such effect takes place due to the background: in case of Van Buren it is intense and dim (in a manner similar to Diego Velazquez and Jusepe de Ribera, Eakins’ favorite Spanish painters), and in case of Cook the olive smoky backstage is rather light, and the whole pose of the full-length figure of the model altogether with decorations of the scene remind of some European masters such as Edgar Degas and James Whistler. To continue about composition, the body of Van Buren is framed by the chair, as if the only thing that provides her with some kind of support is the furnitures arm. Her slumped pose and bended head create the atmosphere of misbalance and awkwardness. On the opposite, the erect pose of the singer and her hands that are elegantly and somewhat affectively placed in front of the waist remind of a bird that is ready to fly upwards. However, this is not a triumphant gesture but a movement of â€Å"flight and loss. † The opera performer is placed in the center of the composition. It seems that minor details – such as the conductors hand in the lower left corner of the canvas, the bunch of roses on the floor in the lower right corner, and the palms branch in the upper left section of the picture – do not constrain the freedom of the heroine. However, similarly to Van Buren, Cook diverts her eyes from spectators and looks upfront and above peoples heads. The very pose underlines the model’s concealed isolation and loneliness. Her eyes are surrounded with red rims and shades so that there is an effect of hastily wiped tears or insomnia. There is a difference also between the tints of models’ gowns: the one of Van Buren looks like slightly frosted, the effect is unlined by the pearl color of her grayish hair; the dress of Cook is radiant and festive, decorated with olive inserts and a long trail. One might also note that the flesh is almost totally absent on the portrait of Van Buren, whereas Cook demonstrates bare neck, shoulders, and hands. The contrast in regards to body exposure between the two females emphasize their attitude to public attention: while the first model attempts to conceal her internal state from spectators, the latter derives her energy from the outer world. Eakins does not want to portray women as more beautiful that they are. Van Buren looks older than other women of her age, and the features of her face are not harmonious. Cook cannot either be called young and pretty. Her hands are plump and reddish, her open mouth and a wrinkle on the neck makes one think that she is doing a hard job instead of executing a beautiful song. Werbel has commented on the specifics of Eakins’ treatment of women’s beauty. The artist conceptualized it as â€Å"faithful, undistorted attention to the individual anatomy and attributes of each person. Due to his original technique the painter was often thought of as â€Å"a rebel† as he transferred onto the canvas all defects of the sitters’ physical appearance. Both Van Burens and Weda Cooks faces are sculpturally expressive and anatomically true. Some of Eakins’ followers and many representatives of that time society got scared of such preciseness and sharpness. The physically attentive dissection of women’s features that are perceived by Eakins as a combination of bones, muscles, and soft tissues became less intense by the mid-1980s. The thesis can be illustrated by the portrait of Maud Cook (1895) that concludes the first half of the series depicting women in pink. We see the tenderly dimmed face and upper part of torso belonging to a young, dark-haired woman with large eyes that are glowing from inside. Her delicate long neck streaming down softly to get lost in the gaze material of her light pink dress. In his usual manner, Eakins shows the model gazing away from the artist and the public. Her concentration on her emotions speaks of melancholy rather than of depression. In comparison to the portraits of Van Buren and Weda Cook, this particular image is less intense in feelings and is remarkable for restoration from frustration. According to Adams, the portrait of Maud Cook signifies the improvement in the artist’s fight with his demons. His works of the mid-1890s manifest recovery from the previous depression and self-disagreement. However, the stability was ruined by the suicide of Eakins’ niece Ella Crowell, after which grievous facts the painter’s sister and her husband broke relationships with Thomas. The master returns to the theme of female portraits only within a decade. The canvas titled ‘The Actress’ (1903) that depicts Suzanne Santje looks completely different from the earlier examples of the same series. In the foreground we see a woman in her thirties. The model sits in the pose that is usual for Eakins’ female portraits – the head is diverted towards the source of light and away from observers. The narrow face with high cheekbones looks slightly emaciated. Even a tender radiance that evaporates like a gaze from the middle facial part cannot conceal the paleness of the skin. Thick dark hair are in the artistic disorder as well as the festive bright pink gown. Suzanne Santje is portrayed full-length, and her body reminds in its graciousness of a mermaid who has just appeared from waters to brood over her tragic destiny. The model’s hands rest on the chair’s arms, demonstrating fatigue and grieve. It seems that the actress has just left the stage where she demonstrated luxurious and self-conscious hedonism, but here, in the artist’s studio she can be herself – tired, ageing, concentrated on the shallowness of life. The series under the collective title â€Å"Women in Pink† reveals Eakins’ progression between various artistic styles under the impact of his inner state. The earlier â€Å"clinical approach to the body† as evident in previously made portraits of Van Buren and Weda Cook gives place to the more merciful treatment of the sitter’s appearance as in the portrait of Maud Cook and finally resolves into the sympathetic, yet intense observation of the model soul as in ‘The Actress. ’ Regardless of Eakins’ experiments with composition and gamut, representations of a series from different periods demonstrate the same â€Å"blood and bone authenticity,† for which the painter was severely criticized throughout life and for which he is praised nowadays. These female portraits provide an attentive, brilliant account of women living in the Victorian or Early Modernism age and were constrained in their emotions and behavior by rigid standards of the broader, pro-masculine society. As Ratcliff has observed, the painter gave a chance to his female sitters, sitting in dim and small rooms, to look through the window into the sunlit world of freedom, self-discovery, and harmony. Clark argues that women’s portraits are part of â€Å"a poignant and pointed critique of woman’s place in the ‘heroic’ modern world. † Despite the merciless accurateness and realism of the painter in revealing physical drawbacks of the models, they look really feminine and attractive. What adds real gorgeousness to the images of both females is their passionate absorption by their rich inner world and the courageous flexibility, with which they face the unwelcoming, prison-like environment. The series demonstrates also the continuous struggle of Eakins himself to freely express his creative potential and to overcome all challenges imposed by the society and the family. Thomas Eakins: Blood and Bone Authenticity Art critic Lloyd Goodrich referred to the artistic manner of Thomas Eakins as follows: Seldom has there been so consistent a realist as Eakins – one whose art was such a direct outgrowth of reality†¦ Every figure be painted was a portrait, every scene or object a real one†¦ the actual rather than the ideal. Each Eakins’ model is not isolated in its anatomical validity but becomes a mirror for the surrounding contexts so that the inner and outer realities are colliding, mixing up, confrontating and intermingling between each other just in front of observers’ eyes. Due to Eakins’ mastery people turn into iconographic symbols that express both their own value and convey the atmosphere of the social period. The specifics of Eakins’s style tackles the portrait genre as treated flexibly both in the interiors and outdoors – in the offices, streets, parks, water basins, arenas, and hospitals of his hometown, Philadelphia. As a painter and photographer, Eakins admired the beautiful human bodies – either completely nude or lightly dressed so that to reveal motion – demonstrating energy altogether with harmony between the inner and outer sides of person’s nature. Bibliography Adams, Henry, and Thomas Eakins. Eakins revealed: The secret life of an American artist. New York City: Oxford University Press, 2005. Boyer, Paul S. â€Å"Eakins, Thomas. † The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia. com. (April 21, 2009). http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1O119-EakinsThomas. html. Clark, William J. â€Å"The Iconography of Gender in Thomas Eakins Portraiture. † American Studies 32, no. 2 (1991): 5-28. Craven, Wayne. American art: History and culture. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. MacCoubrey, John. American tradition in painting. Philadelphia: Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. Ratcliff, Carter. â€Å"Thomas Eakins: Pictured lives. † Art in America, no. 6 (June 2002), http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_6_90/ai_87022989/. Salcman, Michael. The clock made of confetti. Alexandria, Va. : Orchises, 2007. Shi, David E. Facing facts realism in American thought and culture, 1850 – 1920. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Simpson, Marc. â€Å"Thomas Eakins and His Arcadian Works. † Smithsonian Studies in American Art 1, no. 2 (1987): 71-95. Werbel, Beth. Thomas Eakins: Art, medicine, and sexuality in nineteenth-century Philadelphia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

Show how these poets illustrate different aspects of love in their Essa

Show how these poets illustrate different aspects of love in their poems. How do the poets communicate thoughts and feelings by the words and the images they use? The poems I have read are: Porphyria's Lover; by Robert Browning, The Lady Of Shalott; by Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Eve Of St. Agnes; by John Keats, A Trampwoman's Tragedy; by Thomas Hardy. A. - It is evident that in the four poems I have read, there are different aspects of love shown in each. In 'Porphyria's Lover', Browning puts across some rather dark kinds of love; obsessive, jealous and possessive love. I use the word dark, because in the poem, a clearly insane man kills his lover Porphyria, to secure all her love for himself, "And give herself to me forever". The man is besotted with Porphyria, but in an extremely selfish way. He thinks that she is seeing someone else, so he kills her to preserve her love for him forever, "That moment she was mine, mine, fair, Perfectly pure and good: I found A thing to do, and all her hair In one long yellow string I wound Three times her little throat around, And strangled her." This theme of tainted love is continued in 'A Trampwoman's Tragedy', with jealous love also occurring in this poem. The trampwoman's boyfriend became jealous after she started to flirt with 'jeering' John. Consequently, the boyfriend stabbed and killed John. "Then up he sprung, and with his knife - And with his knife He let out jeering Johnny's life," In this poem, the jealous love is basically the same as in the last. A character is worried about their lover betraying them for someone else. In 'A T. 's Tragedy', this is shown by the line, "my lover's dark distress." Teasing about love is also addressed... ..., "Burned like one burning flame together". Keats, in 'The E. Of St. A.', uses a metaphor, "Music's golden tongue", to describe how loud and far reaching the music is to the beadsman. You can tell he feels sad that he is out in the cold, and people nearby are dancing and having fun. Keats also uses alliteration in describing the food Porphyro gets for Madeline, making it sound tasty, "jellies soother than the creamy curd". In 'A T.'s T.', Hardy blends in some symbolism, which adds an extra sense of sadness to the end of the poem. It helps to describe the trampwoman's unhappiness and loneliness, after losing all of her friends, "The red moon low declined". Although all the poems are based around love, and most have this linked with death, they are all subtly different. Each highlights a different aspect of love, which affect people in different ways.

Absent Character in Susan Glaspell

Susan Clasped Is at her best when she uses the medium of the theatre In order to discuss the politics of gender, the position of women bound by the social and gender conventions in a male dominant society, freedom of speech, woman's identity and the life in woman's rights. The device of one absent character serves more than well to this purpose in one of Scalpel's plays, Trifles. The absent heroine controls the action and raises several important issues along the way.It forces us, the readers, to be engaged more actively and to consider all the clues that the absent heroine had left for us. In this case, the absence of the mall protagonist helps Clasped deal with the personal space of her female characters. This Is where Scalpel's skills as a dramatist come to surface. In her other play, The Inheritors, Clasped uses the same device to raw attention to other issues of equal importance. She focuses on what it means to be an American, how people differently perceive historical events an d for what reasons.In both of these plays, her device of the absent character fully engages the reader and at the same time successfully communicates Scalpel's ideas. Susan Scalpel's Trifles tackles gender roles and the separate spheres in which men and women operate, and exposes oppression and maltreatment of women in the early 20th century America. It also explores sympathy and sisterhood in the light of a complex moral dilemma on approaching the truth. The action of the play revolves around solving the murder.What is interesting about the play, however, is that the key characters, Mr.. And Mrs.. Wright never appear on the stage, which is â€Å"a trademark of Scalpel's plays. † Although Mrs.. Wright is not physically present in the play, her existence is felt and touched upon and will prove to have an important role for the development of the action in the play. Traces of the unfinished work of Mrs.. Wright and all the other details present at the crime scene will help two other women of the play to get an insight into Mrs..Wright's state of mind, which will turn out to be of racial importance for discovering the motive and thus solving the murder. It is by her absence in the play that the women notice all the â€Å"trifles† and that the men â€Å"at the end of the play (†¦ ) know no more than at the beginning. † How is it that we come to know so much about Mrs.. Wright although she is virtually not present in the play? First of all, her personal items help us reflect on her life as well as on the circumstances that led her to kill her husband.Interpreting all the clues that Minnie Foster left around the house, the women come to the conclusion that her marriage prided her of happiness, liveliness and Joy, and transformed her into a completely different woman. We also come to a conclusion that Minnie was not alone, that there were many women who were dealing with the same problems, alone. Moreover, the two women in the play realize t hat they, too, share Mince's destiny. Consequently, the women are faced with a moral dilemma in having to make a decision whether to reveal what they had found out and send Mrs..Wright to prison for the crime she did commit. This is where the idea of the sisterhood comes to life. Among other indications, it is Mince's bird and the cage that help us realize that she was leading a life in captivity. The importance of the bird involves several issues. First of all, it is a clue to solving the murder, because the strangled bird provided a motive for it. Mrs.. Hale concludes that it was Mr.. Wright who strangled the bird because he was irritated by its song.The bird and Minnie stand for beauty and life and the cage stands for Mince's married life, and we do not need Minnie on stage in order to realize that. Her very absence helps the two women to take notice of the bird, perceive its importance to Mrs.. Wright and identify themselves with her. Besides the bird and the cage, Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hale find few other things such as an unfinished quilt which represented her nervous state of mind, and find out that Minnie was a victim of domestic isolation. In this way, the author creates a bond between her female characters.The absence of Minnie serves several other purposes. It portrays the way in which men from the play approach the investigation and the very way they perceive women. Starting from her husband, neither of the men seems to understand Minnie. The three men performing the role of the investigators fail to see the complexity of the situation and the importance of insight into Mince's psychological condition which proves to be important for solving the details of her house since the men don't share her context. The absence of the character of Minnie therefore, demonstrates the injustice and the suffering in separate spheres, and the unjust treatment of women. Moreover, Clasped uses this device in order to show the ability of Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hale t o find out the true story of Minnie Wright's life by obviously displaying Mince's everyday object and ere personal space, in this case, the kitchen. Ben-Xvi touches upon one other important issue which is highlighted by Mince's absent character.Although absent from the stage, the character of Minnie Wright functions not Just as a link that holds the action of the entire play together, but also as a link to the lives of the other two female characters. Linda Ben-Xvi points out: â€Å"Clasped depicts inarticulate power of women to understand the shared experiences of other women unstructured by language, but nevertheless communicated through mutually shared pain. † One of the central themes of the play, the â€Å"shared experience†, enables women to develop and nourish mutual trust and understanding and defines how they struggle together against conventions.It is the voice of Minnie that is echoed through the house and the play that enables women to realize this importan t notion. By introducing the dramatic technique of keeping the protagonist off the stage, Clasped invites the audience on a quest to truth through dialogue and actions of the characters that remain on stage. Moreover, she starts her play after a death, wishing for her audience to experience a new kind of a Journey. Her playInheritors, on the other hand, is one of Scalpel's most original responses to the American identity crisis and the concern by the isolationist and xenophobic policy of President Wilson â€Å"whose anti-immigrant and anti-anarchist laws, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, were devised to protect war-time morale by curbing any political dissent†. In this three-act play set in the American Midwest, Clasped uses the device of the absent character but this time applied to the Native American population in order to express these ideas.Similar to Trifles, absent Native Americans function on overall levels and serve several important purposes. With the two-layered te mporal structure of the play, Clasped explores the construction of an American ethos. By keeping the Native Americans off the stage, Clasped tackles misconceptions that do not only concern women: Native Americans were also victims of injustice and degradation. This attitude is best expressed in Smith's prejudiced misconceptions: â€Å"l guess you believe the saying that the only good Indian is a dead Indian. Smith expresses the attitude of many other white Americans who were ignorant regarding heir own past and who in their oversimplified vision of the war saw the Indians as bad and the white settlers and soldiers as good. Smith is also ignorant because he believes that the American government paid a good compensation to the Indians for their land: GRANDMOTHER: But poor old Blackjack-?what he didn't know was how many white man there was. After the war-?when he was beaten but not conquered in his heart-?they took him east-?Washington, Philadelphia, New York-?and when he saw the whit e man's cities-?it was a different Indian came back.He Just let his heart break without turning a hand. SMITH: But we paid them for their lands. (she looks at him) Paid them something. GRANDMOTHER: Something. For fifteen million acres of and thirty-four dollars and fifty cents, we promised to deliver annually goods to the value of one thousand dollars. Not a fancy price-?even for them days. The portrayal of Black Hawk by Grandma Morton does not concur with the picture Smith had in his mind about the Indians. He does not know that Black Hawk was a prisoner of war displayed throughout the USA in order to entertain the population.In this aspect Clasped is rather daring because, under the government legislation, she loud have been accused of anti-nationalism allegedly displayed in her play. Native Americans never appear on stage, they are alive through the words of the white settlers who knew them, in this case, Grandmother Morton and later her son Sills. Nellie Hernandez-Real believes that the fact that no Native American characters appear on stage corresponds to â€Å"Scalpel's remark that they have been removed from the American landscape. Inline Jove further suggests that the Whites conquered the West and erased the Indians from the American scene and that by adopting the treated of the absent character, the playwright literalism the metaphor: Through Grandmother Moron's affectionate evocation of the Indian Chief and the references to the injustices Indians endured, Clasped presents her spectators another version of their national past and also infers that, in spite of their actual removal and erasure from the American landscape, Native Americans as well as women can regain some visibility through oral tradition.Grandmother's version stems from life, real experience, and not from books or official governmental documents written to arouse the loyalty of the country's inhabitants. †¦ ) By reviving the past, Clasped aims to keep social memory alive in order to preserve the ties that cement the community, the Nation. By restoring the primacy of autobiographical memories over history, Clasped also shows that the past should not be reduced to a series of sterile stereotypes.The complex nature of the past is to be passed on from one generation to the next, cherished as the gift of knowledge which, contrary to the ignorance that breeds intolerance, favors cohabitation, that is living together as a Nation. Through the role of the absent character of Native Americans, Clasped subtly questions the guiding principles underlying the foundation of the United States of America: that all men are created equal, and that they have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.Clasped infers that the respect of these principles is essential if people want to live together as a Nation and that the cultural differences of each member of the community should be taken into account. Moreover, Clasped subtly draws a comparative line between the whi tes and the Indians in a time when Darning's theories were used to Justify the inferiority of the Indians. She does this wrought Grandmother Morton who observes that she noticed â€Å"something of the same nature in white folk†, regarding the attitude towards land, which allows Clasped to infer that the Native Americans and the Whites are similar in nature.Although Native Americans are not present on stage, the white people who knew them help us understand their situation better and also enable Clasped to draw some of the talk with her husband about how the Indians and the white men could live together and that sharing the same land is indeed possible. We can conclude that Scalpel's theatrical device of the absent character functions n several levels in Trifles. First of all, the absence of Minnie helps Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hales feel empathy towards her to such an extent that they are willing to hide the evidence from their husbands.On the other hand, they recognize in Min nie their own position in the social system of the time. The absent Minnie found a way out of her oppression by killing her husband and shortly regained her independence. At the same time, she brought to light the dilemmas of women who live in a situation similar to hers. Furthermore, according to Linda Ben-Xvi, Trifles becomes an important vehicle that brings real-life events closer to drama. In her opinion, Clasped even contributed to the shaping of public opinion about a woman being tried.Inheritors, on the other hand, functions similarly but has a different agenda: Theatre is the art that can give flesh to the past. As a collective experience, theatre seems to be one of the most adequate forms of art to rekindle collective memory since it makes the past alive in the present of the audience who are invited to transcend the world of fiction and consider to what extent the issues raised on stage can be related to their social reality. Like the philosopher, the playwright calls upon ere readers and spectators to draw lessons from the past and act in accordance in the present in the name of Justice.